Connect Internal Hardware Components

1. Connect Internal Hardware Components Motherboards and the Central Processing Unit

2. Get into it • Test your PC works • On your motherboard identify these; • Form factor & size i.e. full size or mini (AT = baby) • Identify where the MB is grounded • Types of I/O ports • Primary & secondary IDE (HDD/CD-Rom connections) • FDD connector • Ram slots • CPU Socket or slot • Power Input • Battery • Brand & Model • Abit, Gigabyte, Asus, Tyan, MSI, Intel, Soltek, Aopen • Bios

3. More… Next identify these; • Slots for expansion cards ISA, VESA, PCI, AGP • CPU fan connection • CD Audio connection • IRDA or infra red (unlikely on any of these) • Jumpers & jumper pins

7. M/B Battery • Powers the Real Time Clock and the CMOS chip • Numerous types have been used in the past • Must be inserted using the correct polarity. Read the M/B manual.

8. Types of batteries • Ni-Cad 3.6v • Barrel shaped on board - has a charged memory which decreases with time • Leaked onto the M/B causing damage • Not easily replaced - soldered onto M/B • Rectangle off board

9. Lithium 3.6v • Round and flat - like a 10 cent coin • Has a special holder on the M/B • Does not leak - easily replaceable • Off board - rectangle • Alkaline 3.6v • Rectangle - off board • Used to replace the on board Ni-Cad

10. Integrated Chip • Combination of RTC and battery • Difficult to replace • Battery-less Motherboard • Capacitors were used to hold the charge - Very rare

11. CPU function and attributes • CPU function - execute program instructions, arithmetic calculations and make basic logical decisions • Speed of the CPU is in measured Mhz or Ghz • CPUs work with a specific system clock speed (FSB) • CPUs have built in cache memory • Heat sink and fans are used to cool the CPU

12. CPU Market Players Although there are currently only two main players in the CPU market, AMD and Intel, the number of choices is still enough to make the typical consumer’s head spin. Each manufacturer has a few different models to promote, and many of these models can be found in a few different form factors (namely, the “sockets” to which they connect) that exclude interchangeability.

13. Connection methods Sockets • Most sockets found on motherboards are of the Zero Insertion Force (ZIF) type • ZIF sockets allow easy removal and insertion of CPUs without the need to force the chip into the socket and cause damage to the pins • ZIF sockets must match the PGA (Pin Grid Array) of the CPU eg 478 PGA CPU fits a Socket 478 ZIF Slots • Only two slots ever used • Slot 1 - used by Intel • Slot A - used by AMD • Slot inserting CPUs are redundant technology

14. From 1995 To 2005: 116 different CPUs From 100 MHz To 3800 MHz 1978: Beginning Of The X86 Era 1989: PC Systems In The Mass Market - Sockets 1, 2 And 3 From 1993 To 1997: Sockets 4, 5 And 7 Platforms For AMD And Intel 1993: Socket 4 For The First Pentium 1996 To 1998: Socket 5 - AMD And Intel CPUs 1994 To 1997: Socket 7 - Intel CPUs 1998 To 2000: Socket 7 - AMD CPUs Intel Processors From March 1994 to today (AMD dates approximate) Slot 1: May 1997 To March 2000 (AMD - Slot A) Socket 370: April 1998 To July 2001 (AMD – Socket 462) Socket 423: November 2000 To August 2001 (AMD – Socket 462) Socket 478: July 2001 To March 2004 (AMD – Socket 462) Socket 775: June 2004 To Today (AMD - Socket 754/939) CPU Socket Types

15. Current Intel For all of these form factors, the number following “socket” refers to the number of CPU pins or connectors. Socket 478 is a format specifically designed for Intel’s Celeron, Pentium 4, and mobile Celeron/Pentium processors.

16. Socket T – NEW Intel • Socket 478 motherboards were first compatible with SDRAM memory, then RAMBUS memory, and as it became more popular DDR memory became the format of choice. • But, Intel’s decision to embrace DDR2 (among other developments) has resulted in a totally new CPU socket for Pentium 4 processors… Socket T. (Pins on Motherboard)

17. Intel Xeon – Socket 603/604 • Socket 603 and Socket 604 are Intel’s modern Xeon processors, which are more likely to be found in a high-end server than in a desktop computer. • Socket 604 adds the one pin simply to identify the faster bus speeds. Socket 603 processors will fit and function in a Socket 604 motherboard, but the opposite will not work. • Xeons are powerful processors all on their own, but the architecture of the CPU and supporting motherboards allows for serious systems to be configured with dual processors, or perhaps even four processors, to really make light work of even the most intensive application.

18. Hyper Threading (HT) • Socket 478 Pentium 4 processors were the first to implement Intel’s Hyper-Threading Technology, which allowed for applications to be run in parallel, thus improving the performance of the system. • Although not nearly as strong, the concept is similar to having a dual processor system or dual-core processor, as systems with Hyper-Threading enabled processors can handle intensive applications much easier than the same system without Hyper-Threading.

19. K5, 75-166Mhz, 50/60/66Mhz FSB, Socket 5 K6, 166-500Mhz, 66/95/100Mhz FSB, Socket 7 Duron, 600-1,300 Mhz, 100Mhz FSB, Socket 462 Athlon K7/K75, 500-1,000Mhz, 100Mhz FSB, Slot A Athlon B, 650-1,400Mhz, 100Mhz FSB, Socket 462 Athlon C, 900-1,400Mhz, 133Mhz FSB, Socket 462 Athlon XP, 1500+-2,100+, 133/166Mhz FSB, Socket 462 Athlon 64, 1,600-2,400Mhz, Socket 754/939 CPU Types - AMD

20. Inserting the CPU • Correct insertion of the CPU is most important • Both the CPU and socket are usually marked in some way and must be inserted with the markings together • CPUs may have a white dot or triangle in one corner • Sockets have a missing pin hole in one corner or both corners

21. Thanks for your attention !