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Chapter 47

Chapter 47. EMS in Rural America. Overview. Farm Emergencies Basic Farm Rescue Principles Technical Rescue. Farm Emergencies. 90% of farms are privately owned The majority of the injuries on farms occur in the summer months

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Chapter 47

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  1. Chapter 47 EMS in Rural America

  2. Overview • Farm Emergencies • Basic Farm Rescue Principles • Technical Rescue

  3. Farm Emergencies • 90% of farms are privately owned • The majority of the injuries on farms occur in the summer months • Women, children, and the elderly are among the victims of farm related accidents

  4. Basic Farm Rescue Principles • A preplan is very important • Scene size up and safety are critical • Know when to call for backup when specially trained personnel are needed • Know how to mitigate threats while waiting for backup

  5. Basic Farm Rescue Principles • Livestock • React unpredictably when sensing danger • Consider appropriate PPE when encountering animals • Remove the animal from the scene • Become familiar with species-specific behaviors

  6. Basic Farm Rescue Principles • Pigs • Color-blind • Lack depth perception • Cows • Color-blind • Lack depth perception • Hindquarters are a blind spot • Startle at loud sounds

  7. Basic Farm Rescue Principles • Horses • Keen sense of hearing • Approach from the left shoulder • Use a lead and not the halter to lead • Stay parallel to the horse

  8. Basic Farm Rescue Principles • Mechanism of injury • Lacerations • Avulsions • Punctures • Crush injuries

  9. Stop and Review • Name the common mechanisms of injury on a farm. • Name hazards related to livestock. • Name hazards related to machinery.

  10. Technical Rescue • Establish scene safety and a perimeter • Develop a rescue plan • Request necessary special equipment or trained personnel • Consider time factors • Plan for transport

  11. Technical Rescue • Tractor accidents • Collisions with other vehicles on the roads • Rollovers are common • Entanglement in power takeoff gears is also common

  12. Technical Rescue • Tractor rollovers • Establish scene safety • Turn off the tractor • Lift the tractor off the patient or dig the patient out • MOI is usually a crushed pelvis, chest trauma, or burns

  13. Technical Rescue • Entanglement in PTO • Secure the scene • Turn off the tractor • Block the wheels • Disassemble or cut the PTO • Injuries include lacerations, fractures, avulsions

  14. Technical Rescue • Silos • Oxygen poor environments • Produce gases: nitrogen dioxide • Treated as confined space rescues • MOI is oxygen deprivation or entrapment

  15. Technical Rescue • Grain bins • Entrapment can occur due to movement of the grain • Do not open gravity gates • Encourage the patient to self-rescue

  16. Technical Rescue • Manure storage • Can be above or below ground • Gases are produced from the breakdown of bacteria • Gases include methane, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon dioxide • Dangers to the farmer are asphyxiation and explosion

  17. Technical Rescue • Farm chemicals • Pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers • Treated as a hazardous materials response • Common chemicals are anhydrous ammonia, organophosphates • Symptom patterns for exposure follow SLUDGEM

  18. Stop and Review • Discuss the dangers associated with: • PTOs • Silos • Manure storage facilities • Chemicals found on the farm

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