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The Evolution of Jazz: Influences and Innovations in Early 20th Century New Orleans

Chapter Eighteen explores the rich tapestry of musical influences that shaped jazz in New Orleans at the turn of the 20th century. This era saw a fusion of folk music from Celtic, English, and French traditions, alongside African-American slave songs. Popular music genres from the 'Gay 90s' and light classical influences contributed to the unique sound. Key elements like syncopation, call-and-response patterns, and vocal inflections were instrumental in developing jazz. Notable figures, including Duke Ellington, transformed jazz through innovative arrangements and diverse stylistic elements.

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The Evolution of Jazz: Influences and Innovations in Early 20th Century New Orleans

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  1. Chapter Eighteen Improvisation and Form

  2. New Orleans at the Turn of the 20th Century • A Blending of 3 Musical Styles: • Folk MusicCeltic-English-French African-American (Slave Songs) • Popular Music“Gay 90’s” Songs Vaudeville Songs Minstrel Songs • Light Classical Music (Parlor Songs)Operettas Chautauqua

  3. New Orleans at the Turn of the 20th Century • Instrumental/Stylistic Influences: • Military Bands(cheap musical instruments) • Ragtime(syncopation) • The Blues(call and response)

  4. Important Musical Elements in Jazz • Vocal Inflections • “Blue” notes • Bending pitches (melismas) • Word painting

  5. Important Musical Elements in Jazz • Rhythmic Elements: • Steady Tempo (Pulse) • Syncopation • Repetition of Short Patterns (riffs) • Call and Response

  6. Swing –– Early 30’s to Late 40’s Big Bands • Fletcher Henderson • Duke Ellington • Count Basie • Benny Goodman • Dorsey Brothers • Glenn Miller Combos • Art Tatum • Lionel Hampton • Ben Webster • Lester Young • Jonah Jones • Django Reinhardt

  7. Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington[1899-1974] • Pianist • Composer/Arranger • Band Leader

  8. Diversity and Breadth of his Style:Characteristics of his Music • Arrangements • Film Scores • Romantic Ballads • Exotic Works • Concert Works • Sacred Works • Concerto-Type Works • Swinging Instrumentals with Jazz Solos

  9. Duke’s Arranging is Unique • Diversity of themes within a single piece • Block Scoring • Voicing Across Sections • Wordless Vocals • Parts written for unique capabilities of musicians • Mixture of improvised parts with prewritten parts

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