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Understanding P-V Diagrams: Isobaric, Adiabatic, and Isothermal Processes Explained

Dive into the essential principles of P-V diagrams, exploring key thermodynamic processes: isobaric, adiabatic, and isothermal. This resource covers basic concepts, detailed examples, and the relationships between pressure, volume, and work done on or by gases. You'll understand how different processes affect internal energy, including scenarios like adiabatic expansion and compression. Additionally, learn to identify these processes through practical applications, making complex thermodynamic principles accessible and engaging. Perfect for students and enthusiasts alike.

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Understanding P-V Diagrams: Isobaric, Adiabatic, and Isothermal Processes Explained

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Presentation Transcript

  1. P-V Diagrams and processes • Contents: • Basic Concept • Example • Whiteboards

  2. Isobaric Expansion (+W) Isobaric Compression (-W) Volume Pressure P-V diagrams Iso = same baric = pressure The axes Change volume? Change pressure? TOC

  3. Volume Isochoric = same volume (closed container) how does it happen? Pressure P-V diagrams TOC

  4. Volume Pressure Adiabatic (no heat flow) processes Adiabatic expansion: (Q = 0) Work is done by the gas (+W) No heat flows in: Q = U + W 0 = U + W, U = -W Internal energy (T) drops Examples Air rockets Cold side of fridge Universe Demo - cloud TOC

  5. Volume Pressure Adiabatic (no heat flow) processes Adiabatic compression: (Q = 0) Work is done on the gas (-W) No heat flows in: Q = U + W 0 = U + W, U = -(-W) Internal energy (T) rises Examples Bike pump/diesels Hot side of fridge Compressors Demo – plunger/Murray Frig TOC

  6. Volume Pressure Isothermal (constant temperature) processes Isothermal expansion: (T = 0) Work is done by the gas (+W) Internal energy is constant (U = 0) Q = U + W = W Heat turns to work (slowly) TOC

  7. Volume Pressure Isothermal (constant temperature) processes Isothermal compression: (T = 0) Work is done on the gas (-W) Internal energy is constant (U = 0) Q = U + W = W Work turns to heat (slowly) TOC

  8. Volume Pressure What’s goin’ on here? isobaric expansion heat flows in, temp increases TOC

  9. Volume Pressure What’s goin’ on here? isochoric cooling heat flows out, pressure drops TOC

  10. Volume Pressure What’s goin’ on here? isochoric heating, isobaric expansion TOC

  11. Volume Pressure Which process is adiabatic, which is isothermal? A B In which process would the temperature drop? B is adiabatic TOC

  12. Volume Pressure Which process is adiabatic, which is isothermal? B A In which process would the temperature increase? B is adiabatic TOC

  13. Volume Pressure A complete cycle: C B A D Complete cycle - where is work done? Is more work done by gas or on the gas? TOC

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