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Structure & properties

Structure & properties. INTERMOLECULAR FORCES. INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES. Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, metallic bonding are all examples of bonds within a molecule. intermolecular forces. Forces BETWEEN molecules Weaker than inTRAmolecular forces, but still very important.

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Structure & properties

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  1. Structure & properties • INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

  2. INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES • Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, metallic bonding are all examples of bonds within a molecule intermolecular forces • Forces BETWEEN molecules • Weaker than inTRAmolecular forces, but still very important

  3. intermolecular forces! • Featuring the exciting world of ... • Dipole dipole, hydrogen bonding, ion dipole, Van der Waal’s/London dispersion forces!

  4. dipole-dipole • One of the strongest of the intermolecular forces • Result from uneven distribution of electrons, creating a dipole • Molecules will arrange themselves in solution according to the dipoles present • ie) ICl

  5. impact on mp/bp • Dipoles will INCREASE melting and boiling points • The molecules are now stuck together more tightly (opposites attract!) and so more energy is required to melt/boil the substance

  6. hydrogen bonding • A special type of dipole that only occurs between hydrogen and F, O, N atoms • Usually represented by a dashed line • One of the reasons water has such a high boiling point is this interaction

  7. Impact on mp/bp • Consider the effect hydrogen bonding has on melting and boiling points

  8. ion dipole forces • force of attraction of ion and polar molecule • ionic compounds dissociate in polar solvents since ion (cation/anion) dipole (polar molecule) force overcomes force binding ions together • ex) NaCl dissolved in water

  9. Think about it! • You are making some pasta. The instructions indicate you should boil the pasta in salted water. • You are in a rush and want to eat as quickly as possible! • Should you add salt BEFORE you boil the water or AFTER the water has started to boil? • Explain why!

  10. van der waal’s forces • These occur in every molecule! • At any given time, there may be more electrons in a particular area than another, creating an ever-so-slight dipole • This creates a chain reaction which can have a large effect in molecules

  11. impact • The impact is larger with larger molecules, since there more electrons and a higher chance they will be unbalanced

  12. Who has the highest bp? H2O vs H2S H2O due to hydrogen bonding, NH3 due to hydrogen bonding NH3 vs PH3 CHCl3 vs CH4 CHCl3 due to dipole-dipole CH4 vs C10H20 C10H20 due to larger VDW forces

  13. try it!

  14. try it! • Nelson Chemistry 12 • Read p.257-265 • Try p.260 #1-5; p.264 #9,11

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