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ANATOMY ANNOUNCEMENTS

Learn about atomic structure, bonding, chemical reactions, and organic compounds in this anatomy unit. Understand the chemical processes in the human body and how to represent them.

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ANATOMY ANNOUNCEMENTS

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  1. ANATOMY ANNOUNCEMENTS Please pick up the note and worksheet papers as you enter if you did not do so yesterday. Turn in Unit Work if you did not on Friday • TODAY: ATOMIC STRUCTURE • TEST REVISIT • This is a review unit so we will move quickly

  2. What are we learning? • Atomic structure and bonding • Chemical reactions (Enzymes, Catabolism, Anabolism) • Organic Compounds • Why are we learning it? • To understand the chemical processes that occur within the human body • How will we know we’ve learned it? • When we can complete an atomic diagram • When we can represent the 3 main types of bonds • When we can describe the functions, examples, and building blocks or organic compounds

  3. B. Atoms - Smallest part of an element that has all of its characteristics 7 Li 3

  4. C. Isotopes: Have a different neutron number than the most commonly occurring atoms Carbon 14 has 2 additional neutrons than Carbon 12.

  5. D. Ion: A charged atom (different number of electrons); ELECTRON # = PROTONS – CHARGE; Nitrogen -3 has 10 electrons (=7- -3) a. Cation: + charge b. Anion: - charge

  6. a. Ionic bonds:

  7. Figure 02.04

  8. b. Covalent bonds: Atoms share electrons

  9. Polar molecules – slightly charged due to uneven electron sharing Class practice # 8

  10. c. Hydrogen bond: i. Between polar molecules ii. Weakest bond - - Cohesion (bonds to itself) - Adhesion (bonds to something else

  11. Checkpoint • Test Revisit: For those who complete the Unit Work • Fully erase incorrect answer and bubble in correct answer • Open notes/book/UW • No phones or sharing answers • This will count as a 2nd test grade (.75 multiplier) • Complete #s 1-9 of Review sheet on a separate paper • Work ahead as able • Begin book questions (last page of review sheet)

  12. 2nd Period Anatomy Remind 101: www.remind.com Text this number 81010 Text this message @mrwbur Go through the PPT I will send out tonight through Remind. Try to complete UW #s 1-16

  13. ATOM PRACTICE: BEGIN AS YOU ENTER Flourine (-1) Atomic # = 9 Atomic Mass = 19 • For the atom above, indicate the: • i) Proton # • ii) Neutron # • iii) Electron # • iv) Atomic diagram • v) Specific term for this negatively charged atom? • Having trouble with Chemistry? Let me know

  14. Questions on 1-9? CALENDAR: • FRIDAY – QUIZ: CHEMISTRY

  15. What are we learning? • Atomic structure and bonding • Chemical reactions (Enzymes, Catabolism, Anabolism) • Organic Compounds • Why are we learning it? • To understand the chemical processes that occur within the human body • How will we know we’ve learned it? • When we can complete an atomic diagram • When we can represent the 3 main types of bonds • When we can describe the functions, examples, and building blocks or organic compounds

  16. 4. Free radicalsa. UNBOUND ELECTRONS  DAMAGE DNA b. ANTI-OXIDANTS-Contain extra electrons BOND TO FREE RADICALS (found in fruits, vegetables, tea)

  17. Types of Reactions B. Decomposition/CATABOLIC AB + H2O  A+B + Energy 1. EXERGONIC: Releases energy 2. Hydrolysis: Splits H2O 3. DIGESTION: Proteins  Amino acids; ATP  ADP + P + energy A.Synthesis/ANABOLIC A+B + energy  AB + H2O 1.Endergonic (requires energy) 2. Dehydration: Produces H2O 3. Amino acids  Proteins

  18. Review

  19. III. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) – Supplies energy to cells

  20. IV. Acids and Bases A. pH scale: Measures acidity (concentration of Hydrogen ions) 1. 7 = neutral; Acid <7; Base >7 2. Logarithmic: Increases by factor of 10 3. 4 is 10 times more acidic than 5, 100 times more acidic than 6, and 1000 times more acidic than 7 B. Human blood = 7.35 – 7.45 a.acidosis = less than 7.35 b.alkalosis = more than 7.45

  21. Checkpoint • Complete Worksheet #s 1-16 • Continue Book Questions • Work ahead as able Complete Models (cutouts) from last chapter if not done.

  22. V. H20: 2/3 weight of humans – POLAR A. “Universal” Solvent a. Dissolves solute b. Solvent + solute SOLUTION c. In a blood solution, water is the solvent, while blood cells, nutrients, and wastes are solutes B. Transportation (composes blood plasma) C. Lubricant in joints/tissues D. Homeostasis of body temperature E. Site of chemical reactions

  23. ANATOMY • CALENDAR: • Friday 8/23: QUIZ – CHEMISTRY

  24. Questions 1-16?

  25. What are we learning? • Atomic structure and bonding • Chemical reactions (Enzymes, Catabolism, Anabolism) • Organic Compounds • Why are we learning it? • To understand the chemical processes that occur within the human body • How will we know we’ve learned it? • When we can complete an atomic diagram • When we can represent the 3 main types of bonds • When we can describe the functions, examples, and building blocks or organic compounds

  26. Free radicals-UNBOUND ELECTRONS DAMAGE DNA -ANTI-OXIDANTS-Contain extra electrons BOND TO FREE RADICALS (found in fruits, vegetables, tea)

  27. Review

  28. III. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) – Supplies energy to cells

  29. VI. Organic Compounds: A. Characteristics 1. Contain a Carbon “skeleton” a. C = “BACKBONE OF LIFE” b. Can FORM MULTIPLE covalent BONDS AND LARGE MOLECULES 2. Macromolecules: Made of monomers (building blocks) B. 4 Types

  30. 1. Carbohydrates: Quick energy a. Monosaccharides – Monomers; Simple sugars i. Glucose, fructose, and galactose ii. Glucose is broken down by the cells to make ATP (energy) b. Disaccharides – Two monosaccharides i. Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose c. Polysaccharides – Multiple monosaccharides bonded together; i. Cellulose and Starch: In plants ii. Glycogen: Animals (what excess sugar is stored as in cells)

  31. 2. Lipids: Energy reserves; Hormones; Cell building materialsFatty acids are monomers a.Fats – Triglycerides: i.Saturated – ii. Unsaturated –

  32. Lipids cont. b. Phospholipids – Found in Cell Membrane (Lipid Bilayer) c. Steroid Hormones (testosterone, estrogen) d. Waxes (i.e. ear wax)

  33. 3. Proteins: a.Monomers = Amino acids b. Functions include: Growth,maintanence, repair, antibodies, hormones, and catalysts (enzymes) c. Enzymes: A catalyst in a living organism i.Lock and Key Model

  34. ii.FACTORS THAT AFFECT ENZYMES

  35. 4. Nucleic Acids –Carries hereditary information a. Monomers = Nucleotides - b. Examples include: i. DNA: -Double stranded, A-T G-C, deoxyribose ii. RNA: : Single stranded, A U G C, ribose

  36. Missing Model (Cutout of directional terms) • S. Hymer • Kassama • T. Mitchell • H. Murray • J. Simmons • C. Trask • V. Vigna • S. Wise • Complete Worksheet #s 17-22 and any question up to that point • Continue Book Questions • Begin looking over quiz review • Work ahead as able CALENDAR: Friday: CHEMISTRY QUIZ

  37. Review • 1) Distinguish between a cation, anion, and isotope and how each is formed. • 4) Name the type of bond: • a) Electrons are shared; Strongest and most common (i.e. water) • b) Electrons are transferred; Na+Cl- (sodium chloride) • c) Weakest and due to polarity • i) Term for when Two like substances bond (i.e. water to water) with this bond • ii) Term for when Two unlike substances bond (i.e. water to cup) with this bond

  38. Review • 5) Indicate the 4 terms that describe each reaction: i) A+B+Energy  AB + water • ii) AB + water  A+B+ Energy • 6) On the pH scale, what number is neutral? Acidic? Basic? • 7) What is the normal pH range of human blood? Term for when it drops below this? Rises above this? • 8) Compared to a pH of 6, how many times more acidic is something with a pH of: a) 5 b) 4 c)3 d) 2 • 9) What element is the “backbone of organic life”? Why? • 10) For Carbohydrates, indicate the: • A)Main function B) Monomers C) 2 examples

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