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The Beginnings of Civilizations

The Beginnings of Civilizations. Chapter 1 – Section 3. Section 3. Advantages people gained from settling down in one place Growth of early cities How the first civilizations formed and spread. Advantages of Settled Life. Farming much harder than hunting-gathering, but….

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The Beginnings of Civilizations

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  1. The Beginnings of Civilizations Chapter 1 – Section 3

  2. Section 3 • Advantages people gained from settling down in one place • Growth of early cities • How the first civilizations formed and spread

  3. Advantages of Settled Life • Farming much harder than hunting-gathering, but…. • Farming offered far greater rewards • Steady supply of food year around • Surplus – more than what is needed • Required irrigation – supplying land with water from another place using a network of canals

  4. Advantages of Settled Life • Population increase • 10,000 years ago, population 5 million – number of people living in Minnesota today • 7,000 years ago, population increased to 20 million • Why?

  5. Advancements of Settlements • Stone Age Farming Settlements lasted for many centuries • Eventually, settlements grew into towns • Surplus of food allowed for other lifestyles • Artisan – worker who is especially skilled in crafting items by hand (baskets, leather goods, tools, pottery, cloth)

  6. Growth of Cities • Cities more likely to develop where resources plentiful • fertile soil • drinking water • materials for • Earliest ancient cities along large rivers in Asia, Africa, Europe • Nile, Tigris, Euphrates, Huang, Indus

  7. Growth of Cities • larger than settlements • public buildings • surplus grain storage • buildings for worship • buying/selling goods • Result = new occupations

  8. Governments Form • Kept order in society • Provided services • Settled disputes • Managed public buildings • Oversaw irrigation projects.

  9. First Civilizations • Civilization – a society that has cities, a central government run by official leaders, and workers who specialist in various vocations

  10. The Bronze Age • 6000 B.C., artisans discovered that melting a certain rock at high temperatures, would separate the metal copper from the rock • 3000 B.C, artisans learned that mixing copper with tin would make a mixture called bronze • Discovery marked the beginning of The Bronze Age

  11. The Bronze Age • Bronze much harder than copper • Used to make durable, long-lasting items • Weapons, tools, helmets, shields

  12. Spread of Trade & Ideas • Traders took pottery, tools, weapons, baskets, cloth, spices to faraway cities and traded for other goods • 3500 B.C, wheel and axel invented • Facilitated increased trade via land • Trade over water developed • Merchant ships carried goods, ideas and cultures from one soceity to another

  13. Social Classes Develop • Increased trade brought prosperity • Social classes – a group of people having similar backgrounds, incomes and ways of living • King • Priests • Nobles (government/military officials) • Artisans, traders, merchants • Common workers/farmers • Slaves

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