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Research Philosophies

Research Philosophies. Planning Research Chapter 4. Why is it important?. It can help you choose the research method Assist you to evaluate different research methods It may help you to be creative by choosing or adapting research methods. Two main philosophies. Positivism

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Research Philosophies

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  1. Research Philosophies Planning Research Chapter 4

  2. Why is it important? • It can help you choose the research method • Assist you to evaluate different research methods • It may help you to be creative by choosing or adapting research methods

  3. Two main philosophies • Positivism • A more objective interpretation of reality • Using hard data form surveys • Phenomenology (interpretivism/constructionism) • Examine people and their behavior

  4. Positivism The world is external and objective Science is value-free Focus on facts Structured and formal Phenomenology The world is socially constructed and subjective Science is driven by human interests and motives Focus on meanings Evolving and flexible Features

  5. The positivist researcher • Take the stance of a natural scientist • Remain distanced fram the object that you study • Focus on facts • Use a structured methodology

  6. The interpretive researcher • Seek insight into phenomena • Try to understand and interpret what is occurring and why • Focus on finding and understanding meanings • Less structured and less formal methodology

  7. Conjunction/Triangulation • Combining the strength of both philosophies • May enhance the process of systematizing your research • While retaining the ability to investigate phenomena in depth

  8. Research approaches • Deduction • Moving from the known to the unknown • Induction • The evidence leads the researcher to a conclusion

  9. Deduction • The conclusion is drawn first • The research is all about proving it to be correct or incorrect • Develop a hypothesis • Express it in operational terms • Test the hypothesis • Examine the outcome • Eventually modify the theory

  10. Induction • Advantages • Helps make causes between particilar variables and the way they are interpreted • Helps you explain why a particular phenomena is taking place • Disadvantages • More effective with a small sample • The risk og finding no useful data patterns and theories are higher

  11. Continuum • The deductive and theory-driven approach • can be used alongside • The inductive and phenomena-driven approach

  12. Inductive /phenomenology • Particularly interrested in understanding why something is happening • Rather than • Describing what is happening

  13. Qualitative/Quantitative • The phenomenology approach is usually associated with • induction and • qualitative approach • Conclusions drawn from such research designs cannot be generalized

  14. Quantitative Objective Deductive Generalizable Numbers Qualitative There are issues about ”objectivity” Inductive Not generalizable Words Two systematic approaches

  15. Conjunction/Triangulation • A combination of the two offers the best of two worlds! • If you think that a mixed methodology is appropriate then do not hessitate to adopt it.

  16. Assignment • Apply the following terms to the continuum above Positivism Phenomenology Constructionism Qualitative Quantitative Deductive Inductive

  17. The levels of scientific approach • Research Design – methodology • Research Strategy – case study, observations, surveys • Research Methods – data collection, interpretation, analysis • Apply these levels to the continuum in the assignment above

  18. Triangulation • Explain triangulation in relation to the figure you have just constructed by assembling the continuum and the levels og scientific approach • How can triangulatoin be used in planning a research?

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