1 / 26

Understanding Neuroglia in the Nervous System: Functions and Disorders

Learn about neuroglia cells like astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia that play crucial roles in maintaining the nervous system. Explore demyelination disorders such as Multiple Sclerosis and understand neuron anatomy and membrane potential dynamics.

ronna
Télécharger la présentation

Understanding Neuroglia in the Nervous System: Functions and Disorders

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 8.2: The Nervous System

  2. Neuroglia • Astrocytes • Largest and most numerous • Maintain blood-brain barrier • Isolates CNS from circulation • Capillaries impermeable • Repair damaged neural tissue

  3. Figure 8.4

  4. Neuroglia cont… • Oligodendrocytes • Coats axons with myelin • Nodes of Ranvier • Parts of axon with no myelin • Internodes • Parts of axon with myelin • Myelin increases speed of action potential

  5. Figure 8.5

  6. Neuroglia cont… • Microglia • Engulf wastes and pathogens

  7. Figure 8.4

  8. Neuroglia cont… • Ependymal Cells • Produces cerebrospinal fluid

  9. Figure 8.4

  10. Neuroglia cont… • Satellite Cells • Support cell bodies • Schwann Cells • Covers axons—called neurilemma

  11. Figure 8.5b

  12. Demyelination Disorders • Demyelination • Progressive destruction of myelin • Inflammation • Axon Damage • Scarring of neural tissue • Gradual loss of sensation and motor control • Numbness and paralysis

  13. Disorders cont… • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) • Optic nerve, brain and spinal cord affected • Partial loss of vision • Problems with speech, balance and motor coordination

  14. Neuron Anatomy • Neuron cell bodies—gray matter • Located in ganglia of PNS • White matter—bundles of axons • Called nerves

  15. Figure 8.6

  16. Membrane Potential • Polarized—resting cell membrane • Resting Potential—membrane potential of resting neuron • -70mV • More negative ions inside than out of neuron

  17. Figure 8.8 5

  18. Potential cont… • Depolarization • Shift membrane potential towards positive • Ex: 0 mV

  19. Figure 8.8 5

  20. Potential Cont… • Hyperpolarization • Shift membrane potential towards more negative • Ex: - 80 mV

  21. Figure 8.8 5

  22. Potential cont… • Action Potential • Triggered by depolarization • Membrane potential must reach threshold • -60 mV

  23. Figure 8.8 5

  24. Potential cont… • Repolarization • Return to resting potential

  25. Figure 8.8 5

More Related