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Understanding Variables in Scientific Experiments: A Comprehensive Review

This review explores the essential concepts of variables in scientific experiments, highlighting the three main types: Independent Variables (IV), Dependent Variables (DV), and Controlled Variables. The Independent Variable is what the researcher changes, such as the temperature of water or amount of fertilizer, while the Dependent Variable is the observed effect, like the amount of sugar dissolved or plant growth. To ensure fairness, only one independent variable should be tested at a time, and controlled variables must remain constant throughout the experiment.

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Understanding Variables in Scientific Experiments: A Comprehensive Review

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  1. Scientific Method Vocab Review to make life easier!

  2. Variables • Variables used in an experiment or modeling can be divided into three types: • Independent Variable • Dependent Variable • Controlled

  3. Independent Variable • The Independent Variable (IV) is something that causes a change in the experiment • Example: How much water flows through a faucet at different openings? • IV = Water faucet opening (closed, half open, fully open, etc.) • Example: Does heating a cup of water allow it to dissolve more sugar? • IV = Temperature of the water • Example: Does fertilizer make a plant grow bigger? • IV = Amount of fertilizer

  4. Dependent Variable • The Dependent Variable (DV) is the effect(or result) of the change in the experiment. This is what scientist measure in an experiment. • Example: How much water flows through a faucet at different openings? • DV = Amount of water flowing, measured in liters/min • Example: Does heating a cup of water allow it to dissolve more sugar? • DV = Amount of sugar that dissolves completely, measured in grams • Example: Does fertilizer make a plant grow bigger? • DV = Growth of the plant, measured by its height

  5. Fair Experiments • For an experiment to be considered a fair test there should only be ONE independent variable • In other words, there should only be one cause for change/ one thing that could change the end result/effect • A fair experiment: Does the temperature of water affect how much sugar can be dissolved? • One cause = water temperature • An unfair experiment: Does the temperature of water and amount of sugar affect how much sugar can be dissolved? • Two causes = water temperature and sugar amount

  6. Controlled • A Controlled Variable is something you try to keep constant (the same) in the experiment. • Example: How much water flows through a faucet at different openings? • C = The faucet; water pressure • Example: Does heating a cup of water allow it to dissolve more sugar? • C = Stirring; type of sugar • Example: Does fertilizer make a plant grow bigger? • C = Same type of fertilizer; same size of pot for each plant; same type of plant in each pot; same type of soil for each plant; same amount of water and light…

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