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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. Nucleic Acids and the RNA World. Key Concepts. Nucleotides consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base. Ribonucleotides polymerize to form RNA. Deoxyribonucleotides polymerize to form DNA.

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 Nucleic Acids and the RNA World

  2. Key Concepts • Nucleotides consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base. Ribonucleotides polymerize to form RNA. Deoxyribonucleotides polymerize to form DNA. • DNA’s primary structure consists of a sequence of nitrogen-containing bases. Its secondary structure consists of two DNA strands, running in opposite directions, that are held together by complementary base pairing and twisted into a double helix. DNA structure allows organisms to store and replicate the information needed to grow and reproduce.

  3. Key Concepts, cont’d • RNA’s primary structure consists of a sequence of nitrogen-containing bases. Its secondary structure includes short regions of double helices and structures called hairpins. • Because RNA molecules can carry information as well as catalyze chemical reactions, it is likely that RNA was the first self-replicating molecule and a forerunner to the first life-form.

  4. DNA Structure http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0073383198/student_view0/chapter2/animation_quiz_-_dna_structure.html

  5. RNA Structure & the Origin of Life http://www.nature.com/scitable/content/rna-has-a-primary-and-secondary-structure-105312 http://exploringorigins.org/rnaworld.html

  6. Website Questions (send questions to desparza@episd.org) 1. Describe 3 structural differences between DNA and RNA. 2. Describe 1 functional difference between DNA and RNA. 3. What is a ribozyme? How is it similar AND different than an enzyme? 4. Why do scientists say that RNA was important in the creation of life on earth?

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