1 / 56

Changes in Rule: 16 th and 17 th Centuries

Changes in Rule: 16 th and 17 th Centuries. England Spain German States (HRE) France Russia. England. Catholicism to Anglican Seeds of rebellion. England. Henry VIII – Elizabeth I Drastic changes in religion Catholic to Anglican to Catholic to Anglican again Era of strife

rstops
Télécharger la présentation

Changes in Rule: 16 th and 17 th Centuries

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Changes in Rule:16th and 17th Centuries England Spain German States (HRE) France Russia

  2. England Catholicism to Anglican Seeds of rebellion

  3. England • Henry VIII – Elizabeth I • Drastic changes in religion • Catholic to Anglican to Catholic to Anglican again • Era of strife • Paved the way for Constitutionalism

  4. Henry VIII Tudor Dynasty

  5. Henry VIIIr. 1509 - 1547 • Started out a Catholic • Wife Catherine of Aragon not birthing a son (heir) • Henry desire an annulment • Pope denied annulment

  6. Henry VIII broke from Catholic Church • Created Anglican Church • Divorced Catherine and married Anne Boleyn • New Church • Very similar to Catholics • Led by monarch and council of Bishops • Confiscated Catholic land and sold off estates

  7. Henry had • Six wives • Two daughters (Mary: Catholic, Elizabeth: Protestant) • One son (Edward VI: Protestant)

  8. Wife # 1Katherine of Aragon

  9. Wife # 2Anne Boleyn

  10. Wife # 3Jane Seymore

  11. Wife # 4Anne of Cleves

  12. Wife # 5Katherine Parr

  13. Wife # 6Katherine Howard

  14. Edward VITudor Dynasty

  15. Edward VIr. 1547-1553 • Country ruled by regents due to Edward being too young to rule when Henry VIII (daddy) died • He only actually ruled for a couple years • He was Anglican • He did nothing spectacular

  16. Lady Jane Grey

  17. Jane Greyr. 1553 (9 days) • ‘Placed’ in charge by Protestants to try and keep next in line (Mary I) from returning Catholicism to England • Jane was a pawn in a political intrigue game between powerful nobles • Mary raised an army and ‘removed’ Jane from the throne

  18. Bloody MaryTudor Dynasty

  19. Mary I (Bloody Mary)r. 1553-1558 • Mary was Catholic • Nicknamed ‘Bloody Mary’ due to her numerous public executions of Protestants • She married Philip II of Spain • Many English hated Spain • Mary lost support due to this arrangement • Mary and Philip had no children (heirs)

  20. The Virgin QueenTudor Dynasty

  21. Elizabeth I (Virgin Queen)r. 1558-1603 • Protestant • Not overly concerned with religion • Passed 13 Articles that made Anglican the state religion but allowed Catholics to exist • She was very Shrewd • Intelligent and manipulative

  22. She favored the arts • Age of Shakespeare • She commanded respect and was an excellent ruler • She never married (Virgin Queen) • Used her eligibility to woo suitors and acquire treaties and agreements that favored England • Died without an heir

  23. Hired pirates to sink Spanish ships in New World • Francis Drake was most famous • She denied this accusation • Defeated the Spanish Armada • Poor weather sunk most of Spanish ships • Paved the way to England’s rise to most powerful navy

  24. Prelude to Constitutionalism • Sale of Catholic land (Henry VIII) allowed an increase in wealth and power of Nobility • New business policies gave wealth to non-aristocratic people • Monarchs began relying on gentry for financial aid • Weakened power of king • Increased influence of the gentry

  25. Spain Creation of a new country and Catholic fanaticism

  26. Spain • Creation of Spain • Fanatically Pro-Catholic • Reconquista kicked out non-Catholics • Spain’s Rise and Fall • From Columbus to King Philip II

  27. Columbus asks Ferdinand and Isabella for funding

  28. Ferdinand & Isabellar. 1479-1504 • Isabella (Castille) and Ferdinand (Aragon) married and united their territories • This created a new country called Spain • Reconquista • Kicked out Moors (Muslims in Spain) • Kicked out Jews • Made Spain ‘hardcore’ Catholic

  29. Spain financed Christopher Columbus (and others) to search for new trade routes • Ugly, isn’t he?

  30. Columbus’ travels Columbus Cortes

  31. Rule of Regentsr. 1505-1516 • No clear succession was established • Temporary rulers reigned for 11 years • Many were Catholic cardinals • In 1516, a Hapsburg took charge (Charles V) • He was also the HRE Emperor

  32. Charles VHapsburg dynasty

  33. Charles I of Spain (V of HRE)r. 1516-1556 • Financed conquistadors • Conquered land in New World • Spain got rich • Imported a lot of gold from America’s

  34. Spain led Europe in New World exploration • Spain wealthier than any other European nation • Charles divided Hapsburg holdings • Spain and New World given to Philip II • HRE and European holdings given to Ferdinand I

  35. Philip IIHapsburg Dynasty

  36. Philip IIr. 1556-1598 • Philip a fanatical Catholic • Tried to restore Europe to Catholicism • Wars with Low Countries • Wars with HRE Protestants • War with England • Philip blew all his wealth on these wars • He lost most of them!

  37. Philip II lost naval power • Invincible Armada on way to attack Netherlands • Storms near England wrecked much of his fleet • Elizabeth I (England) destroyed the remaining Spanish fleet • Spain went from #1 world power to a weakened state after the reign of Philip II

  38. HREThe German States Fragmented and Religiously divided

  39. Fragmented • 300 States • 1,500 Knightdoms • Some with populations under 300 • Held a lot of independence • Ruled by Electors • Hapsburg family ‘elected’ constantly to rule as Emperor • Had little actual power

  40. Religiously Divided • Northern territories mainly Lutheran • Southern mainly Catholic • Peace of Augsburg • Local ruler determined religion (Lutheran or Catholic) • NO religious toleration or freedom • DID NOT include Calvinists

  41. 30 Years War • War between Lutherans, Catholics and Calvinists • Motivations switched from religious intent to political intent • France, England, Austria, and others involved

  42. Treaty of Westphalia (1648) • Same as Peace of Augsburg except Calvinists were added • Kept HRE fragmented and weak

  43. Austria • One of the German States • Austrian Hapsburgs gained power through territorial expansion during the wars • Pragmatic Sanction • Hapsburg territory will never be divided

  44. Prussia • German State on the rise • Rulers transformed Prussia into a weak state to a powerful military state • Throughout 30 Years war and other conflicts, Prussia acquired more and more land • Hohenzollern family ruled Prussia

  45. France Religious wars and the Age of Magnificence

  46. Religious Wars • 9 Wars between: • Huguenots (French Calvinists) and Catholics • Bourbon, Guise, and Valois families • Very chaotic period of time

  47. Henry IVBourbon dynasty

  48. Henry IV of Navarrer. 1589-1610 • “Paris is worth a mass” • Henry was Huguenot • Converted to Catholic to unite France and end religious wars • Passed Edict of Nantes • Allowed limited religious toleration

  49. Louis XIII and Cardinal RichelieuBourbon Dynasty

More Related