India Under British Rule

1. India Under British Rule By: Maddy Anthony

2. Pre-Imperialism • Mughal power weakened- Indian states advantage • 1739 Iranian armies defeated mughal forces, sacked Delhi • British, Dutch and French eager to expand profitable trade into India in 18th century • Company men- bargaining and fighting to persuade Indian rulers to allow them to est. trading posts • Sepoys- Indian troops that protected warehouses from attack from company men

3. East India Trade Company • 1757- 1857 • Leading power in India • Had its own army led by British soldiers and Sepoys • Calcutta- grew into a city of 250,000 by EITC • Calcutta, Madras, Bombay- centers of power for British

4. India “Jewel in the crown” of British empire • Motive- remake India on a British model through administrative and social reform, economic development and introduction of new technology • British Policies created a powerful and efficient system of government but prohibited growth of Indian manufacturing • railroads transported raw materials to coast in exchange for manufactured manufactured imported goods

5. British Raj • Positives • Created many new jobs as a result of growth of internal and external trade • Expansion of agricultural production • Opium- Bengel, Coffee- Ceylon, Tea- Assam • Third largest railroad network and other technological advancements • Modernization- education, sanitation and health • Negatives • Competition from cheap cotton goods produced in Britain's industrial mills drove many Indians out of handicraft • Textile industry- India worlds greatest exporter of cotton textiles • Emphasis on cash crops causes a loss of self sufficiency • Racist attitude of British officials

6. Sepoy Rebellion • Many Indians believed that British were trying to convert them to Christianity • by 1850 economic problems increased feelings of resentment and nationalism • Sepoy Mutiny break out in May 10th, 1857 • Indians could not unite against British because of weak leadership and splits between Hindus and Muslims

7. British Raj- Turning point • British took direct control over India • India Divided into 11 provinces and 250 Districts • Viceroys carried out policies in India made by cabinet member in London • Queen Victoria empress of India 1877 • Indians denied entry into upper administration, British racist • Industrialism from British- India's trade expands • Women find jobs, but poverty still remains a constant • Technology

8. Rising Indian Nationalism • Ram Mohun Roy ( “father” of modern India) forms BrahamoSamaj and reforms Hindu customs such as caste system and monotheistic beliefs • Education Westernized • Indian National Congress forms in 1885 • Success and failures of British India stimulated development of Indian Nationalism

9. Effects of Imperialism Modern Historical Railroads impacted economy and brought unity to connected regions Modernization- education, health, sanitation, economy all improve Emphasis on cash crops reduced food production Nationalism Westernization • Railroads impact economy today • Nationalism still prominent today • Westernization of old India leads to modern day India • I

10. Political, Social, Economic Effects • Politically India is a "Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic” with a parliamentary system • Socially Indians more flexible with their caste system customs, practicing untouchability is against the law though there is still discrimination • Economically India is in severe poverty and agriculture jobs take 60% of population