Presentation Transcript

1. 8th Grade Health

   Chapter 14 Drugs
2. Drugs Drug A substance other than food that changes the structure or function of the body or mind All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicines. Drug misuse Taking or using medicine in a way that is not intended Drug misuse can happen with prescription medicines and over-the-counter medicines. Tolerance A condition in which a person’s body becomes used to the effect of a medicine and needs greater and greater amounts of it in order for it to be effective
3. Prescription medicines Over-the-counter medicines Types of Medicines Categories of Medicines Prescription medicines Medicines that can be sold only with a written order from a physician Over-the-counter medicines Medicines that are safe enough to be taken without a written order from a physician
4. Drug Misuse What is drug misuse? Using a drug without following the instructions on the label Using a drug not prescribed for you Allowing someone else to use a drug prescribed for you Taking more of the drug than the doctor prescribed Using the drug longer than advised by the doctor
5. Common Side Effects Stomachupset Drowsiness Sleeplessness Headache Side Effects Side effect Any effect of a medicine other than the one intended Even when taken correctly, some medicines will cause a side effect.
6. Drug Abuse Drug abuse Intentionally using drugs in a way that is unhealthy or illegal What is drug abuse? Using illegal drugs Using legal drugs for non-medical reasons Using a medication for something other than its intended use
7. sleepiness, irritability, heart failure, stroke Physical Health Mental/Emotional Health Social Health interference with brain functions,depression, anxiety, difficulty concentrating withdrawing from family and friends,loss of interest in school and other activities Drug Abuse Drug abuse affects all three sides of your health triangle.
8. Addiction Regulardrug use Addiction Tolerance Physical or psychological need for a drug . Drug addiction, like alcoholism, is a disease. Treatment options exist that can help users overcome their addiction
9. Assignment 1 Comparethedifferences between drug misuse and drug abuse? Hypothesizewhat you might you say to persuade a friend not to take medicine that has not been prescribed to him or her?
10. What Is Marijuana? Marijuana Dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant, called cannabis sativa Marijuana is commonly called pot or weed. THC The main active chemical in marijuana THC alters the way the brain processes sensory information. It is impossible to note that other harmful substances may be mixed in with marijuana.
11. What Are Marijuana’s Effects?
12. What Are Marijuana’s Effects?
13. What Are Marijuana’s Effects?
14. What Are Marijuana’s Effects? Each year more than 12,000 people seek treatment for addiction to marijuana Developing a tolerance often leads to physical dependency Frequent users can develop a tolerance
15. What Are Club Drugs? What Are Club Drugs? Club drugs take their names from dance clubs or raves where they are often used. Some people falsely believe that club drugs are safe to use. The harmful effects of club drugs include: Hallucinations Paranoia Amnesia Partial or total loss of memory When club drugs are mixed with alcohol, the effects of both substances are increased.
16. Ecstasy Ecstasy The scientific name for ecstasy is MDMA. Ecstasy speeds up the central nervous system, making a person feel very alert, or “hyper.” Effects of Taking Ecstasy Increased heart rate Chills Nausea Sweating Anxiety Increased sense of confidence Elevated blood pressure Feelings of well-being Dizziness Loss of appetite
17. Date Rape Drugs GBH Is a depressant of the central nervous system. Until 1992, GBH was available as an over-the-counter drug used by bodybuilders to increase muscle mass and decrease fat. Ketamine, sometimes called Special K Is an anesthetic used in medical procedures for humans and animals. A small amount of Ketamine produces hallucinations, memory loss, and severe breathing problems–even respiratory failure.
18. Date Rape Drugs Rohypnol, commonly called roofie, is a club drug that works by suppressing the central nervous system. Characteristics of Rohypnol Odorless Easily slipped into a person’s drink Colorless The unwilling user is unaware of what is happening Has no taste Produces amnesia
19. Anabolic Steroids Anabolic steroids Synthetic substances related to the male sex hormones Physicians sometimes prescribe anabolic steroids to treat growth problems, lung diseases, and skin conditions. Steroids are most often abused by people who want to enhance their athletic abilities.
20. Anabolic Steroids
21. In NIDA’s 2004 Monitoring the Future study, 3.4% of high school seniors reported using steroids at least once. Source: NIDA Infofacts: High School and Youth Trends. Anabolic Steroids
22. Teens and Steroid Use Steroid use can have a negative effect on your appearance. Steroid use can cause a person to become angry or violent. Steroid use can cause a hormonal imbalance, which can interfere with the normal development of teens.
23. Assignment 2 Recall:What are 3 negative consequences of using anabolic steroids? Explain two long-term effects of marijuana use? Analyze your thoughts on steroid abuse and how they can/do affect competitive sports?
24. More Drug Types Narcotics Specific drugs that are obtainable only by prescription and are used to relieve pain Opium A liquid from the poppy plant containing substances that numb the body Stimulants Drugs that speed up activity in the human brain and spinal cord Stimulants cause the heart to beat faster and cause blood pressure and metabolism to rise. Amphetamine A drug that stimulates the central nervous system Amphetamines are highly addictive. Using large amounts of amphetamines can result in aggressive behavior, extreme weight loss, and loss of physical strength.
25. More Drug Types Cont. CNS depressants Substances that slow down normal brain function CNS depressants are sometimes called sedatives or tranquilizers. Hallucinogens Drugs that distort moods, thoughts, and senses Some hallucinogens are made from natural substances, some are manufactured. Inhalant Any substance whose fumes are sniffed and inhaled to produce mind-altering sensations Inhalants are not meant to be put into the human body.
26. Heroin
27. OxyContin
28. Withdrawal Symptoms Pain in muscles Pain in bones Sleeplessness Diarrhea Agitation Vomiting Narcotics and Addiction Withdrawal symptoms can be unbearable. Withdrawal symptoms Symptoms that occur after chronic use of a drug is reduced or stopped
29. Cocaine
30. Crack Crack is created when cocaine is heated and processed with baking soda and water. Crack is extremely addictive and dangerous.
31. Methamphetamine
32. Methamphetamine
33. Effects of Stimulants
34. What Are Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants? Two Commonly Prescribed CNS Depressants Prescribed for the treatment of anxiety or tension, or for people with sleep disorders. Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Prescribed for patients with more serious anxiety and panic attacks.
35. Effects of Depressants
36. How Do Hallucinogens Affect the User? Hallucinogens affect how a user perceives the passage of time, sees colors, senses motion, or hears sound. Hallucinogens interfere with a person’s thought process and ability to communicate.
37. Effects of Hallucinogens
38. Inhalants Paint Vegetable cooking sprays Inhalants Air fresheners Lighter fluid Markers and pens Correction fluid Hair sprays
39. What Damage Do Inhalants Cause? Abusing inhalants can damage the protective coating that surrounds brain cells, called myelin. Permanent effects can include an impaired ability to walk, talk, or think. Even a first-time experiment with inhalants can result in death from choking, suffocation, or heart attack.
40. Warning Signs of Inhalant Abuse Eyes that are red or runny. Sores or spots near the mouth. Warning Signs of Inhalant Abuse Breath that smells strange or like chemicals. Holding a marker or pen near the nose.
41. Assignment 3 Evaluate the physical and psychological effects that can cause a person to become addicted to a drug. Analyze: Why do you think inhalant abuse might be a serious problem among 12- to 14-year-olds?
42. Getting Help The first step in getting help for drug abuse is for the user to admit that he or she has a problem. Although some effects of drug abuse are permanent, drug addiction is treatable.
43. Recognizing When Someone Needs Help Symptoms of Drug Use Tolerance A person needs increasingly larger amounts of drugs to get high. Craving A person feels a strong need, desire, or urge to use drugs and uses a drug despite negative consequences.
44. Recognizing When Someone Needs Help Symptoms of Drug Use Loss ofControl A person takes more drugs than he or she meant to, or uses drugs at a time or place he or she had not planned. Physical Dependence or Withdrawal Symptoms When drug use is stopped, a person may experience withdrawal symptoms from a physical need for the substance.
45. Getting Help Detoxification The physical process of freeing the body of an addictive substance Some hospitals and treatment centers have detoxification units for people going through withdrawal. Counseling Provides an opportunity to openly share thoughts and feelings with a trained expert.
46. Partialhospitalizationor daytreatment Intensiveoutpatienttreatment Inpatienttreatment Outpatientand intensiveoutpatientprograms Residentialprograms Drug Treatment Options
47. Support Groups A support group is a group of people who work together to help one another stay drug free. Common Support Groups Narcotics Anonymous Cocaine Anonymous Nar-Anon
48. Choosing to be Drug Free Choosing to be drug free is one of the most important decisions you can make. Drug free A characteristic of a person not taking illegal drugs or of a place where no illegal drugs are used Resisting negative peer pressure is difficult, but it is much harder stopping drug use once it has started.
49. S T O P Refusing Drugs Use the S.T.O.P. strategy when you are approached by someone pressuring you to use drugs. Refusal skills help you resist negative peer pressure without feeling guilty or uncomfortable. Say no in a firm voice. Tell why not. Offer alternative ideas or activities. Promptly leave.
50. Refusing Drugs Always look for healthful ways to deal with problems you are facing. Avoid places where you know drugs will be present. Choose friends who are also drug free.
51. The Benefits of Staying Drug Free You will not be breaking the law. You will have better control of your feelings and actions. You will have better concentration and memory. You will not regret foolish actions caused by impaired judgment. You will have more natural energy. You will not waste money on drugs. You will be able to focus on improving your talents. You will have better relationships with your family and friends. You will look better. You will respect yourself for taking care of your body and mind.
52. Positive Alternatives to Drug Use Volunteer to help someone in your school or community. Begin a regular physical fitness routine. Take part in a drug-free event. Bring a friend. Write down your thoughts, or express yourself through art. Join a school club or organize a new one. Form friendships with people who are drug free. Balance enough physical activity with enough rest.
53. Assignment 4 AnalyzeWhy do you think there are so many different drug treatment options available? Hypothesize what you might say if you were talking with a friend who is thinking about experimenting with drugs. What might you say to encourage him or her to stay drug free?