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MEDIEVAL AMERICA

MEDIEVAL AMERICA. Chapter 15. Archaeologist believed humans arrived in the western hemisphere about 12,000 years ago. There is evidence that humans came to the Americas 40,000 years ago. Tribes from Asia followed bison and other extinct animals across the Bering Strait .

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MEDIEVAL AMERICA

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  1. MEDIEVAL AMERICA Chapter 15

  2. Archaeologist believed humans arrived in the western hemisphere about 12,000 years ago. • There is evidence that humans came to the Americas 40,000 years ago

  3. Tribes from Asia followed bison and other extinct animals across the Bering Strait. - A land bridge connecting Asia to North America

  4. They were hunter and gathers, who used the resources of their environment for food, clothing and shelter. -

  5. This school sucks! • people along the coasts collected mussels and snails - people living inland hunted game or fish

  6. Around 5000B.C. people started to plant a reliable (but limited) food source: Maizeor corn

  7. Food supply increased population • By the time Europeans arrive in North America there were about 30 million to 100 million Native Americans • Nearly 15 million to 20 million people live in present-day Canada and America

  8. Archaeological digs have found ancient home, burial mounds, pottery baskets, stone tools, and bones of animals and humans

  9. For only $75, I can get you into this new model! Arctic and Northwest

  10. Nomadic tribes move around hunting and fishing • In 6500 B.C. people were living in small villages of pit houses made out of whale bone and driftwood

  11. Villagers hunted whales, sea lions and water birds

  12. 1. Kwakiutl 2000B.C. – 500B.C • Hunted whales, fish and other sea animals • Forests from the Northwest provided small forest animals and acorns as additional a food source

  13. North western people were organized into lineages, that were claimed to be descendants of mythical ancestors • They had their own ceremonies • Developed trading networks to the south

  14. Used stone and copper woodworking tools • Built canoes and houses with wood • Weirs- wooden traps to harvest salmon

  15. California 2000 B.C. • Lived along the coast • Fished for bass The Chumash - had harvest festivals to celebrate the goodness of the earth

  16. Southwest • Present day Arizona, New Mexico 1. Hohokam • Dug irrigation canal to draw water from rivers • Planted maize, kidney beans, and squash

  17. 2. Pueblo/ Anasazi • Built sun-dried brick dwellings called adobes • Religious leaders governed these villages 3. Apache • Did not farm • Hunted birds, rabbits, and gathered plants • Traded with Pueblo

  18. Great Plains • Stretched from Rocky Mt. to the Mississippi Rivers - Groups such as Kiowa, Crow, and Blackfoot lived in this area. .

  19. Dependent on buffalo • Farming was hard because: • Thick sod was hard to plow • Other plants like maize need more water

  20. Eastern Woodland • East of the Mississippi • Hunted any animal • Used every part of the animals • Lived in farming villages growing corn, squash, beans, and tobacco

  21. In the Ohio Mississippi valley were Mound Builders • Many were in the shapes of animals - it is believed that the mounds were ceremonial centers and tombs

  22. Cahokia mounds is the largest ceremonial center - about 40,000 people inhabited this area - men controlled the government, Hunting and relations with other nations - confederation– loose union

  23. Meso America

  24. Consists of present day Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador and Belize

  25. 1. Olmec 1500 B.C. – 400 B.C. - It was the earliest meso. culture - In the excavation sites of San Lorenzo and La Venta, large stone heads were found

  26. -They were made of basalt rock - Some more than nine feet tall and weighed as much as 40 tons - They moved with logs more than 60 miles

  27. A hill top of San Lorenzo was sheared off to create a central plaza for ceremonies • The Olmec also built drains to carry water during the rainy season • They had hieroglyphic writing and a calendar

  28. Worshiped Olmec god -human body with a jaguar head

  29. They used the slash and burn farming to clear land for crops

  30. Mayans 900 B.C. - Height of power 300A.D. - 900 A.D. - Lived in the Yucatan Peninsula

  31. Many ruins are scattered around the area • Did not have unified kingdom • They had city -states and kingdoms that were linked by culture political ties and trade

  32. Religion • The Mayans believed in 2 existences • worldly life : where people live • otherworldly : where gods, ancestors, and supernatural beings live

  33. The king spread the information about the otherworld • practice ceremonies and sacrifices

  34. They were polytheistic • The main god was Chac, the rain god • Other gods are going to be depicted as animals

  35. They built plazas temples and pyramids • The Mayan created a game called Pok-a-tok • A part basketball game played to please the gods

  36. Science • Like the Greek the Mayans believed that the celestial bodies were gods • They charted the stars and became excellent mathematicians and astronomers

  37. They created 260 and 365-day calendars • -which predicted eclipses • when to plant crops and to harvest • the times of religious ceremonies

  38. Economy • The Mayan economy was based on agriculture and trade • Trade started when farmers had surpluses of crops • cotton, beans, fish , deer, salt, jade

  39. Writings • The Mayans were one the first people to create a writing system • -they made books

  40. Aztecs • Moved from the north into central Mexico in 1200’s A.D. • Ended in early 1500’s

  41. Founded a city in central Mexico called Tenochtitlan (present day Mexico City)

  42. They built chinampas – artificial islands used for farming

  43. By 1500 the Aztecs conquered parts of northern Mexico to Guatemala • Conquered peoples had to pay taxes in clothing, food, raw materials and prisoners for sacrifice

  44. Government • The Aztecs created a system of hierarchy of government • Emperor is at top • Aztecs had 4 social classes: • -nobility • -commoners • -serfs • -slaves

  45. Chief deity: • Huitzitupochlia

  46. Incas • Western South America 100 and600A.D.

  47. - Moche – Peru - Social order is based on skill - Pachacuti was the 9th Inca ruler and with his son, Topa Inca Yopanqui, they expanded their territory - Expanded to Peru, Chile, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Argentina

  48. Government and Society • They had a common language called Quechua • The emperor own the land and regulated the growing and distribution of foods - potatoes and quinoa

  49. Farmers cut step terraces into hillsides and built irrigation systems • The emperor had roads and bridges built to connect regions of the empire

  50. Deities Inti – sun god Vico Cacha – creator

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