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DNA

DNA. DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid UNIT 5: Chapter 12. AIM:. Explain how the genetic code is contained within DNA. Organizational Level of Genetics. Define these terms: Histones- Nucleosome-. Nucleosome. Chromosome. DNA double helix. Coils. Supercoils. Histones.

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DNA

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  1. DNA DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid UNIT 5: Chapter 12

  2. AIM: • Explain how the genetic code is contained within DNA.

  3. Organizational Level of Genetics Define these terms: Histones- Nucleosome- Nucleosome Chromosome DNA double helix Coils Supercoils Histones

  4. Interesting Facts About DNA • DNA is used to solve many historical mysteries • One single cell contains two meters of DNA. • If you unraveled all your chromosomes from all of your cells and laid out the DNA end to end, the strands would stretch from the Earth to the Moon about 6,000 times.

  5. http://www.indiana.edu/~ensiweb/connections/genetics/dna.mes.pdf (DNA nitrogenous base message) http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAanatomy.html (DNA animation) http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10002096 (genetics library)

  6. What is the function (job) of DNA? • Passed down to us from our parents. • DNA stores the CODE for directing the construction of proteins within a cell. These proteins determine the phenotype of an organism. • Recall, DNA is a nucleic acid—A MACROMOLECULE.

  7. DNA is a double helix (spiral) that resembles a ladder. DNA is made up of 3 things: Phosphate Deoxyribose (sugar, yes, sugar) Nitrogenous Bases DNA Structure <>

  8. DNA structure Nucleotide Nucleotide Hydrogen bonds Sugar-phosphate backbone Key Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G)

  9. Remember DNA is like an Oreo Phophates + sugars = cookie Bases = cream filling

  10. There are 4 nitrogenous bases (molecules): Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) DNA bases are complimentary BASE PAIRING RULE: __________________________ (A) (T) ADENINE ----------------- THYMINE (C) (G) CYTOSINE -------------- GUANINE How is the DNA code read?

  11. DNA Youtube Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8dk5iS1f0

  12. 2 Groups of Bases Purines Pyrimidines Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine Phosphate group Deoxyribose

  13. MODE 1: Find the complementary base sequence for the following DNA strand: Strand 1: Strand 2: ACTTTACTTTACCGGGGG Strand 1: CGTGTGGAAATCGGTTGA Strand 2:

  14. Remember DNA is like an Oreo Phophates + sugars = cookies Bases = cream filling

  15. Why are some people better at sports than others? • http://www.pubinfo.vcu.edu/secretsofthesequence/playlist_frame.asp • Gene called ACE

  16. Who has healthier DNA, one is exercises of a couch potato? • http://www.wwaytv3.com/video/study_lack_of_exercise_hurts_dna/01 Check out the video.

  17. Figure 10–4 The Cell Cycle Section 10-2 G1 phase M phase S phase G2 phase

  18. DISEASES Can be caused by 2 things: • The environment that surrounds you. • Your genes. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kBfWybm0218&feature=related (vytorin commercial)

  19. Locating Genes How do scientists locate genes on DNA? Why is this important? Section 14-3 Gene Sequence Promoter Start signal Gene Stop signal Scientists can locate genes by looking at DNA base sequence. Identification Of gene location is important for benefits of medicine and curing diseases.

  20. Examples of Genetic Diseases • Pg. 345 in Prentice Hall hardcover/online

  21. DNA Technology • Forensic identification is an example of the application of DNA technology. • There is great potential for the development of useful products through genetic engineering (e.g., human growth hormone, insulin, and resistant fruits and vegetables). • Eugenics, a pseudo-science of selective procreation, was a movement throughout the twentieth century, worldwide as well as in Virginia, that demonstrated a misuse of the principles of heredity. • The Human Genome Project is a collaborative effort to map the entire gene sequence of organisms. This information will be useful in detection, prevention, and treatment of many genetic diseases. • PCR, electrophoresis, cloning are also examples.

  22. Chapter Review (DNA) • What is the function of DNA? • What does DNA need to be copied (replicated)? What phase of the cell cycle does a cell make more DNA? (G1, S, G2 or M phase) • How is the DNA code read? • What are the 4 nitrogenous bases? • What are 3 components of DNA?

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