Deviance and Social Control

Deviance and Social Control

Social Control Module 23 • Social control: Techniques and strategies employed for preventing deviant human behavior in any society

Social Control Module 23 • Sanctions: penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm

Conformity and Obedience Module 23 • Conformity: Going along with peers who have no special right to direct behavior • Obedience: Compliance with higher authorities in an hierarchical structure

Informal and Formal Social Control Module 23 • Informal social control: Used casually to enforce norms • Formal social control: Carried out by authorized agents

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Law and Society Module 23 • Some norms are so important to a society that they are formalized into laws

What is Deviance? Module 24 • Deviance: Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society

Functionalist Perspective Module 24 • Durkheim’s Legacy • Punishments established within a culture help define acceptable behavior and contribute to stability

Functionalist Perspective Module 24 • Merton’s Theory of Deviance • Anomie Theory of Deviance: How people adapt in certain ways by conforming to or by deviating from cultural expectations • Conformist • Innovator • Ritualist • Retreatist • Rebel

Interactionist Perspective Module 24 • Cultural Transmission Theory • Cultural transmission: Humans learn how to behave in social situations, whether properly or improperly

Interactionist Perspective Module 24 • Social Disorganization Theory: Increases in crime and deviance attributed to absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions

Interactionist Perspective Module 24 • Labeling Theory: Attempts to explain why some people are viewed as deviants while others are not; also known as societal-reaction approach

Conflict Theory Module 24 • People with power protect their own interests and define deviance to suit their needs

Crime Module 25 • Crime: Violation of criminal law for which some governmental authority applies formal penalties • Index crimes • Murder • Rape • Robbery • Assault • Burglary • Theft • Motor vehicle theft • Arson

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Types of Crime Module 25 • Sociologists classify crimes in terms of how they are committed and how society views the offenses • Victimless crimes • Professional crime • Organized crime • White-collar and technology-based crime • Transnational crime

Types of Crime Module 25 • Victimless crimes: Willing exchange among adults of widely desired, but illegal, goods and services • Professional crime: Many people make a career of illegal activities • Professional criminal: Person who pursues crime as a day-to-day occupation

Types of Crime Module 25 • Organizedcrime: Group that regulates relations between various criminal enterprises involved in illegal activities • Dominates world of illegal business just as large corporations dominate conventional businesses • Serves as means of upward mobility for groups of people struggling to escape poverty

Types of Crime Module 25 • White Collar and Technology-Based Crime • White Collar crime: Illegal acts committed in the course of business activities • Computer crime: Use of high technology to carry out embezzlement or electronic fraud • Corporate crime: Any act by a corporation that is punishable by the government

Types of Crime Module 25 • Transnational Crime • Crime that occurs across multiplenational borders International crime spans the globe

Table 25-1: Types of Transnational Crime Module 25

SOURCE: http://bccphil.com/uploadfiles/file/PSA%20-%20Philippines%20Monthly%20Crime%20Report%20-%20October%202011.pdf

Modus Operandi in Manila Sneaky Office Intruders • Scene of the crime: Thieves go to offices with no or little security measures, especially during breaks or when there is nobody in the office. • Plan of attack: They pretend as friends of employees, visitors, or messengers. http://pro9.pnp.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=459:top-10-modus-operandi-of-the-most-common-crimes-in-manila-and-other-areas-in-the-philippines&catid=55:crime-prevention-tips&Itemid=82

ATM (Automated Teller Machine) Scams • Scene of the crime: They stay near ATM and they do different things just to earn money as quick as they can. • Plan of attack: They use different technologies to be able to access somebody else’s ATM account.

The Zesto Gang • Scene of the crime: They perform their operations inside a bus. They use distraction, confusion and intimidation to be able to get what they want from the passengers. • Plan of attack: They pretend to be conductors of the buses. However they also confuse the passengers by also pretending to be selling juice packs.

Airport Ambush • Scene of the crime: Thieves target arriving airport passengers. They will chase and stop you along the way. • Plan of attack: Their target is actually your car and they operate at dawn.

Test Drive Threat • Scene of the crime: They will pretend as car buyers and they will test drive the cars and steal them at gunpoint. • Plan of attack: Fake buyers will ask for a test drive. With you around, they will drive the car to secluded spaces and will ask you to go out by force and threat.

Backstage Burglars • Scene of the crime: They target shows and concerts. They usually stay backstage or inside the dressing rooms. Because people are busy, nobody will be able to notice criminal behavior backstage. • Plan of attack: Thieves pretend as aide or utility personnel. They take whatever they see or want and unnoticeably shun away from the area.

Salisi Gang • Scene of the crime: They thrive everywhere especially in crowded areas like malls, restaurants, fast food chains, bars, etc. They wait until their target gets distracted. • Plan of attack: They dress formally and they divert the attention of their victims until they get distracted and move for the kill.

Dugo-Dugo Gang • Scene of the crime: They usually target rich families. • Plan of attack: They target households and they intrude especially when the only one around is the house help.

Budol-Budol Gang • Scene of the crime: They use hypnosis and fake money. • Plan of attack: They use fake money to be able to gain the resources they want to have (e.g., changing fake money to real ones).

Philippine Laws • Criminal Law • Civil Law

Criminal-violation of the penal statutes (e.g., rape, theft, arson, murder, robbery, swindling, rebellion, illegal possession of firearms and drugs, issuing bouncing cheque, etc.) • Civil- personal dealings which result into damages or failure to adhere to obligations and contracts. For example, non payment of rents, failure to deliver goods and services, etc.

Laws • Revised Penal Code of the Philippines • Civil Code of the Philippines

Example of Criminal Case • PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, VS. GERON DE LOS SANTOS Y MARISTELA, ACCUSED-APPELLANT. • http://www.chanrobles.com/cralaw/2012januarydecisions.php?id=13

Example of Civil Case • http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/apr2010/gr_161838_2010.html

We use the court to decide whether an individual is found guilty or not of a crime punishable by law. • Insert video (Boston Legal)

Deviance and Social Control