What movement started in Germany in response to Nappy & the FR?

1. What movement started in Germany in response to Nappy & the FR? German Nationalism

2. What type of government was favored by the Congress of Vienna? Legitimate Monarchy

3. How did the COV attempt to isolate France? sets up buffer states around it (Netherlands, Swiss Confed., Sardinia, etc.)

4. In what two areas did romanticism flourish? Why? • Germany and GB, most impacted by actions of Napoleon

5. What is the volksgeist? spirit of the German people

6. What period of history did many romantics look to for inspiration? How can this be seen in their architecture? Middle Ages, gothic revival

7. What was Hegel’s view of the ongoing pattern of history? • Thesis vs. anti-Thesis = Synthesis (which becomes the new thesis)

8. Identify at least three English romantic poets. • Keats, Byron, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley, Johnson

9. Name 3 things Nationalists use to define nations language, ethnicity, history, culture

10. What kind of people did liberals tend to be? Wealthy, educated & excluded

11. Who did liberals want to deny representation to? Why? lower classes, unfit for rep (nothing special about them)

12. What country eventually met reform with accommodation instead of repression? What’s the best example of this? Great Britain, Great Reform Bill of 1832

13. Who were the two main architects of the Congress of Vienna? Castleragh & Metternich

14. Why did the Great Powers decide to support the Greek Revolution? • Further weaken the Ottoman Empire

15. Why was the British Great Reform Bill of 1832 such a success? revolution unnecessary, kept institutions, brought economic interests into line with political interests

16. What did the Protocol of Troppau do? Gave the Great Powers permission to intervene in revolutions “for the good of Europe”

17. What kind of people were the biggest proponents of Nationalism? writers & historians

18. What kind of people were usually conservatives? aristocratic monarchists

19. What time would the Conservatives liked to return to? Pre-French Rev. Europe

20. Name 3 ideals the Liberals took from the Enlightenment. Free press, religious tolerance, equality before the law, unrestricted economy

21. How did conservatives view Constitutions? worse than the plague

22. Who did the Russian Decembrists want to be Tsar? Were they more liberal or conservative? Constantine, liberal

23. Identify two characteristics of the reign of Nicholas I of Russia. • Repressive, gendarme of Europe, Official Nationality protects from corruption of West

24. What king was ousted in the July Revolution? What did he do to provoke revolution? Charles X, ousted liberal ministry – issued 4 (July) ordinances

25. What class ousted him? Bourgeoisie, with force provided by the working class

26. Who backed the independent Serbs against the Austrians? Russia

27. What was the purpose of GB’s Six Acts? Make it easier to repress the reform demanders in GB

28. Who were the Burchenshaften? Student Nationalist groups in Germany

29. What happened to them? banned by Metternich & Carlsbad Decrees

30. What was the basic idea of the Concert of Europe? Great Powers would get together to solve problems

31. What problems led to calls for reform in GB after 1815? Hunger & Unemployment

32. What country/statesman had the most to lose from Nationalism? Austria (Metternich)

33. Name 2 reasons why GB was able to maintain industrial dominance. • foreign markets, quality of goods, strong navy, coal & iron

34. Name 2 factors that contributed to the rise of the proletariat. • wage labor market, end of guilds, no longer controlled means of production

35. Name 2 things that happened to the family as a result of industrialization. • mother provides domestic support, less time together, just unit of consumption

36. What did the Factory Act of 1833 do? • limited child labor to 9 hrs/day, must be 9, 2 hrs. of ed.

37. What action was intended to help feed the poor in Ireland but led to more free grain trade? • Repeal of the Corn Laws

38. What is the primary basis for classical economic thought? • the free market (Laissez Faire)

39. Who thought the population would eventually outstrip the food supply? • Malthus

40. Whose Iron Law of Wages justified low wages? What else did this justify? • Ricardo, opposition to labor unions who push for high wages

41. Who pushed the concept of utility combined with reason? • Bentham

42. What did Europeans use as a model for prison reform? • prisons in U.S. (Philadelphia system)

43. What was the driving force behind the creation of the modern urban police force? • Rising crime and the desire of the MC for order

44. Who thought he could successfully build utopias based on textile manufacturing? Where did he succeed? Fail? • Owen, Scotland & Indiana

45. What was Marx’s major work? • Communist Manifesto

46. Name 4 parts of the Charter. • universal suff, salaries for Commons, no prop. req., annual elections, equal districts

47. What did Marx feel was necessary to reorganize society? Would this entity be permanent? • Dictatorship of the proletariat, no

48. What did Marx believe would be the culminating event of history? • clash between P & B, leading to a society without oppression

49. What did the anarchists want? Why? • end to ind. & Gov’t, because ind. & gov’t limit freedom in people’s lives

50. What were 3 general causes of the Revs. of 1848? • Hunger (bad harvests), unemployment, poor living & working conditions, political oppression