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Chapter 12: Case study method

Chapter 12: Case study method . CONTENTS. Definitions Validity and reliability Merits Design Analysis Case studies in practice. Definitions. John Gerring : a case is: 'a spatially delimited phenomenon (a unit) observed at a single point in time or over some period of time'

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Chapter 12: Case study method

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  1. Chapter 12: Case study method

  2. CONTENTS • Definitions • Validity and reliability • Merits • Design • Analysis • Case studies in practice

  3. Definitions • John Gerring: • a case is: 'a spatially delimited phenomenon (a unit) observed at a single point in time or over some period of time' • a case study is: 'the intensive study of a single case‘ • with two or more cases:the study becomes cross-case • the more cases the less intensity per case • from single case study to large cross-case study forms a continuum A. J. Veal and S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

  4. What the case study method is not • It is not only qualitative – within a case-study any research methods may be used • It is not only exploratory • It is not only small-scale A. J. Veal and S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

  5. Scale(Fig. 12.1) PEOPLE/PLACES EVENTS National/international sport/political event Nation Community/sub-group Sport/cultural event Organisation Centenary/ product launch Birthday party/ wedding Family/friends Individual Birthday/marriage A. J. Veal and S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

  6. Case-study research: theory and practice (Fig. 12.2) • Descriptive research: • Identify characteristics of a phenomenon • Explanatory research: • Testing single existing theory • Testing alternative/competing theories • Develop theory where none exists • Evaluative research: • Testing effectiveness of a single policy • Testing alternative/competing policies • Establish need for policy A. J. Veal and S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

  7. Validity and reliability • Internal validity: use of multiple methods can achieve high level of validity • External validity: strictly speaking, general-isation is a problem but: John Gerring: • To conduct a case study implies that one has also conducted cross-case analysis, or at least thought about the broader set of cases. Otherwise, it is impossible for an author to answer the defining question of all case study research: what is this a case of? A. J. Veal and S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

  8. Merits • Places subjects in social/historical context. • Treats subject as a whole. • Multiple methods – triangulation • A manageable data collection task when resources are limited. • Flexibility in data collection strategy. • No necessity to generalise to a defined wider population. A. J. Veal and S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

  9. Design • Define unit of analysis: what is the ‘case’? • Selecting cases: • Purposive • Illustrative • Typical/atypical • Pragmatic/opportunistic • Data gathering • All data sources/data gathering methods may be used • Consistency in unit of analysis/definition of case • Temporal consistency A. J. Veal and S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

  10. Analysis • Analysis procedures as in Part III apply • Burns (1994) and Yin (2009) also refer to: • pattern matching – relating case features to existing theory • explanation building – often an iterative process • time series analysis – explanations based on observing change over time. • George & Bennett (2005): • Logic models – 1. initial conditions, 2. needs, 3. problems, 4. resources, 5. action, 6. outcomes, 7. impacts. • Cross-case synthesis • Congruence method – equivalent to correlation • Process tracing – explanation building A. J. Veal and S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

  11. Case studies in practice • 12.1: Activity profile: swimming – secondary data • 12.2: Nike, advertising and women – one company • 12.4: Leisure, Lifestyle and the New Middle Class – one suburb and a sports club • 12.4: The Beckham brand – one sport celebrity • 12.5: Sport sponsorship – one company’s strategy A. J. Veal and S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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