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The Loyalists

Learn about the Loyalists, political refugees who sought safety in Quebec and Nova Scotia, remaining loyal to the British Empire. Discover their journey, impact, and the formation of new colonies. Understand the consequences of the Constitutional Act of 1791 and its role in shaping the future of British North America.

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The Loyalists

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  1. The Loyalists (1776-1815)

  2. Who were the Loyalists? • Political refugees who moved to Quebec & Nova Scotia for safety • They were loyal to the British Empire • Did not want to separate from Britain. • Most farmers, others merchants, doctors, & lawyers • AKA “Tories”

  3. Tarred and Feathered A favourite punishment was to Tar and Feather Loyalists “ Now, are you a Torie or are you a Patriot? ”

  4. Where the Loyalists Went • Quebec: travelled by land (1776-1785) • Nova Scotia: travelled by sea • By 1785, nearly 100,000 Loyalists left the United States • 40,000- 45000 British NA • 34,000 Nova Scotia

  5. The coming of the Loyalists • Many Loyalists found themselves in a hostile country, forced to flee. • Resulted in two new colonies: • New Brunswick formed from a part of Nova Scotia • Upper Canada and Lower Canada

  6. Loyalists and Constitutional Act 1791 • Idea for union of remaining colonies of British North America (in wake of creation of United States) • Loyalist immigrants petitioned to have Quebec (used to stretch from St. Lawrence to Great Lakes) split into two • Upper Canada- in the West (which would later become ON) which would be English • Lower Canada- in the East (which would province of Quebec later) would be French

  7. Bad Idea? • Splitting Quebec on cultural and linguistic lines has created the problem we have today (separatism) • Knee jerk response- American Revolution convinced Britain the problem was TOO MUCH FREEDOM • Sought to limit “mob rule” of democracy • Constitutional Act, thus, strengthened the role of the Governor • Decisions made directly by Governor and appointed Council • There was an elected assembly, but they did not have final say

  8. Could withhold consent of bill or disallow Governor General- rep. British authority Council- appointed by the governor to help him run the colony (usually aristocracy) Assembly- representing male landowners

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