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Medical Imaging

Medical Imaging. Tips for interpreting medical images. Objectives. Develop a repeatable pattern for interpretation Where to start / What to look for Recognizing normal Recognizing abnormal. Case 1. 2. 3. 1. Metal Mineral Soft tissue Fat Air. Dens Foramen transversarium

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Medical Imaging

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  1. Medical Imaging Tips for interpreting medical images

  2. Objectives • Develop a repeatable pattern for interpretation • Where to start / What to look for • Recognizing normal • Recognizing abnormal

  3. Case 1 2. 3. 1. Metal Mineral Soft tissue Fat Air • Dens • Foramen transversarium • Anterior arch of C1 • Lateral mass of C1 4. Recognizing normal: learn the names

  4. 4 considerations when faced with a medical image • Is the size of the structure normal? • Is the shape of the structure normal? • Is the position of the structure normal? • What is the density? (x-ray or CT) SIZE SHAPE POSITION DENSITY

  5. 1 Hard and Soft palate 2 X 3 4 5 • C5 vertebral body • Hyoid bone • Spinous process C4 • Dens • Occiput

  6. Size Shape Position Density • What is wrong? • The vertebral body heights are abnormal • There is a fracture • There is malaligment • Nothing, this is normal

  7. Grade 1 is 0–25% Grade 2 is 25–50% Grade 3 is 50–75% Grade 4 is 75–100% Over 100% is Spondyloptosis, when the vertabra completely falls off the supporting vertabra. Spondylolesthesis

  8. Oblique lumbar x-ray Spondylolysis

  9. Normal “Scotty dog”

  10. Soft tissue swelling is an important sign in cervical trauma What are the normal measurements of the pre-cervical soft tissues at C2 and C6? “6 mm at 2, 22 mm at 6”

  11. MRI Signal not density T1 – fluid is black T2 – fluid is white

  12. Is there a problem with the size, shape, position or density of this structure?

  13. Fracture description • Complete • Transverse • Mildly distracted (or separated) • Mid diaphysis • Left humerus • Not intra articular • Not open • Not angulated • Not comminuted

  14. How would you describe these fractures?

  15. MRI How would You describe this lesion? Benign versus malignant

  16. B. A. Which of these images is normal?

  17. Normal ACL Torn ACL anterior cruciate ligament

  18. Knee pain and weakness after a slip and near fall injury

  19. Test your knowledge The next cases have something wrong with size, shape, position and/or density Abnormal size Abnormal shape Abnormal position Abnormal density

  20. Which bone is abnormal? How is it abnormal?

  21. What is abnormal ? • Size • Shape • Position • Density

  22. B. A. Which AP wrist x-ray is abnormal?

  23. B. A. • What is abnormal here?? • Size • Shape • Position • Density

  24. Do you see an abnormality here?

  25. What to remember • You must learn the names of anatomic structures. • Be able to recite the 5 basic radiographic densities. • When looking at any structure, normal or abnormal, consider size, shape, position and density

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