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Advancements in Virtual Seismic Strain Sensors: Non-Invasive Monitoring Techniques

This research explores the construction and application of virtual seismic strain sensors, developed by Andrew Curtis, Heather Nicolson, David Halliday, Jeannot Trampert, and Brian Baptie. Utilizing standard interferometry, these sensors leverage independently recorded noise sources to enhance seismic monitoring. The results validate the theoretical framework, demonstrating consistent back-projection of real seismometer data to specific source locations. This method enables non-invasive detection of tectonic and geological activities, highlighting its importance for intra-fault zone monitoring and improved earthquake sensitivity.

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Advancements in Virtual Seismic Strain Sensors: Non-Invasive Monitoring Techniques

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    1. Virtual Seismic Strain Sensors Andrew Curtis Heather Nicolson, David Halliday, Jeannot Trampert, Brian Baptie Edinburgh Seismic Research www.geos.ed.ac.uk/seismic University of Edinburgh ECOSSE www.geos.ed.ac.uk University of Utrecht www.geo.uu.nl

    2. Rationale

    3. Results of Our Work

    4. How standard interferometry works: Define volume V surrounded by either independently-recorded impulsive or uncorrelated noise sources on the bounding surface S Sources on S radiate energy into volume V Homogenous Greens Function between any pair of points is obtained using reciprocity and the Representation Theorem ? equation below

    5. How standard interferometry works: Define volume V surrounded by either independently-recorded impulsive or uncorrelated noise sources on the bounding surface S Sources on S radiate energy into volume V Homogenous Greens Function between any pair of points is obtained using reciprocity and the Representation Theorem ? equation below

    6. How virtual sensors are constructed: Obtain Greens function between two impulsive sources if both are recorded on surrounding receivers on S ? One source acts as a Virtual Reciever If sources are represented by Moment Tensors MA and MB ? similar formula with left side

    7. How virtual sensors are constructed: Obtain Greens function between two impulsive sources if both are recorded on surrounding receivers on S ? One source acts as a Virtual Reciever If sources are represented by Moment Tensors MA and MB ? similar formula with left side If sources A and B have source time functions represented by WA and WB, we obtain the above multiplied by WB* WA (cross-correlation) ? Phase may be shifted relative to real seismometers

    9. Results of Our Work

    10. Illustration

    18. Method Results are consistent with theory Essentially back-projects data recorded on real seismometers to a source location using empirical Greens functions But also converts sensitivity-to-particle-motion at the seismometers, to sensitivity-to-displacements-or-strains-that-created-the-original-energy-source Implications Non-invasive sensors in the Earths subsurface Earthquake Virtual Sensors are concentrated directly within areas of tectonic and geological interest ? Intra-fault zone subsurface monitoring Direct sensitivity to strain seismic triggering?

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