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World War II: A Historical Overview

Explore the key events and leaders of World War II, including Hitler's expansionism, Chamberlain's negotiations, the Pacific Arena, and the war's conclusion. Discover pivotal moments from 1936 to 1945 and the roles played by various nations and figures.

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World War II: A Historical Overview

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  1. World War II1939-1945

  2. Adolf Hitler begins to create an empire • March 1936: reoccupied the Rhineland • March 1938: Anschluss of Austria

  3. Preview and Processing • Listen to the speech being given by British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain in 1938. • What is he talking about? • What does he believe that he has achieved? • What do you think about his willingness to negotiate?

  4. Munich Conference (9-29-1938) Sudetenland Prime Minister of GB=Neville Chamberlain Ok to SUD. & Hitler promised to leave Czechoslovakia alone “peace in our time” 6 mos. Later Hitler took Czechoslovakia stating “Czechoslovakia has ceased to exist”

  5. April 28, 1939: wanted Polish Corridor= Danzig GB &FR said they would defend Poland Nonaggression Pact: GER & USSR pledge not to attack ea. Other Stalin would share territory taken over: Poland & Baltic nations 2 front war War Begins: European Arena

  6. August 31, 1939 • GER soldiers dress in polish uniforms & pretended to seize a GER radio station • Sept. 1, 1939 • Poland invaded by GER: 3 days • Blitzkrieg: “lightening war” ( Civil War in Spain: July 1936= Francisco Franco=practice for Hitler) • FR & GB declared war

  7. Making the Connection • Can you recite the correct order of territory given to or taken by Hitler from 1936 to Sept. 1, 1939? • Rhineland • Austria • Sudetenland • Czechoslovakia • Poland

  8. Interactive Map: Pay close attention to the territory taken by Hitler

  9. Scandinavia • Luftwaffe • Head West • GB Prime Minister Winston Churchill: “I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.”

  10. The Maginot Line

  11. France: Maginot Line Belgium Dunkirk: get GB’s soldiers out: 338,000 Italy enter war June 16, 1940 Marshall Henri Petain June 22, 1940 FR divided: N=GER control S= Vichy FR Underground Charles de Gaulle

  12. GB GER launched Operation Sea Lion RAF: 700 planes; 1400 pilots Radar: Ultra Battle of Britain: July 1940 (6 mos) RAF bombed Berlin: Hitler angry! London: 300 to 600 killed a day 1,000 to 3,000 injured a day Hitler w/ drew

  13. “Never was so much owed by so many to so few.” Churchill

  14. The US response • Edward R. Murrow • Cash and carry • 1940 Selective Service Act • Arming merchant ships & using navy to protect British ships • Undeclared naval war w/ GER

  15. Meanwhile in the USSR…. • USSR • June 22,1940: GER invaded • Winter

  16. Making the Connection • Why did Hitler decide to invade the USSR? • What factors will affect Germany’s success on the Eastern Front? • Why does Stalin hold a grudge against Hitler?

  17. The Pacific Arena

  18. Japan • Hirohito • FDR: J not to take over China • J went after US interest in Pacific (i.e. Philippines) • FDR banned shipment of US fuel, scrap iron & steel to J (embargo) • Pull out of China & admit defeat • Get needed material by going after Indochina, Malaya & e. Indies wh/ = war w/ US

  19. J decided to attack 1st • US not ready for war • Member of Axis powers • Reasons what the US did not think J would attack • Magic • Negotiations • Shallow H2O port / targets

  20. December 7, 1941 • Pacific Fleet • 18 ships: 8 battleships • 2403 AM died • 1,000+ wounded • J 29 planes; 1 sub • FDR “A date which will live infamy.”

  21. Yamamoto (Naval Commander) “I fear we have awakened a sleeping giant.” Making the Connection • What do you think Yamamoto meant? • What event did he unknowingly foreshadow?

  22. January 1942: Philippines Bataan Death March 5,000 miles N-S: 6,000 miles E=W Douglas MacArthur “I shall return.”

  23. Allies • Midway: Admiral Chester W. Nimitz • 6-3-1942: 322 J planes, 4 aircraft carriers, other ships • Island Hopping: Douglas MacArthur

  24. The War Coming to an End

  25. North Africa • Suez Canal: Mideast oil fields • GER General: Erwin Rommel: Desert Fox • GB General: Bernard Montgomery • US General: Dwight D. Eisenhower • Oct. 1942: Rommel lost 60,000 Men, 500 tanks, 400 lg. artillery pieces in 1 week • Battle of El Alamein • May 1943= Allied victory

  26. USSR • GER there 2 yrs • Battle of Stalingrad August 1942 • House to house fighting • GER in control then winter came again • Georgi Zhukov: surrounded Stalingrad & cut off supplies • Jan. 31, 1943 GER surrendered 280,000-91,000 • GER now on defensive

  27. Italy • July 9, 1943: Sicily • Mussolini forced to resign • 7-25-1943 arrested • Pietro Badoglio: changed sides • GER occupied Italy • (Mussolini executed: 4-28-1945)

  28. France • Dwight D. Eisenhower • 2 mil GB, US, Canadian w/ 1 mil “extra” for sea & air support • Invasion of Normandy: D-Day • June 6, 1944 • Lgest. Amphibious attack to date • 8-24-1944: Allies entered Paris

  29. Germany 2 front war Hitler Killed himself 4-30-1945 May 7, 1945 war over =V-E Day US FDR died 4-12-1945: Harry S. Truman

  30. Making the Connection • Who were the Big Three? • List the leaders that died in April of 1945. • List the countries that experience a change in leadership in 1945. • Who took over after Winston Churchill? • Clement Atlee

  31. Japan • Iwo Jima: Okinawa • Kamikaze • 8-6-1945: “Little Boy” dropped on J City of Hiroshima: 343,000 or 2/3 of population instantly vaporized. 80,000 due to heat many more in years to follow from radiation poisoning. • 8-9-1945: Nagasaki: 40,000 killed • 9-2-1945: Missouri=V-J Day

  32. Effects of WWII on the United States and the World

  33. Effects of WWII • 40 million deaths • USSR lost 20 mil • Ger 4.2 mil • Poles 4.3 mil • Chinese 2.2 mil • Japan 2 mil • US 291,000 killed; 670,000 wounded

  34. Holocaust • Heinrich Himmler: SS commander • mobile killing units 1.4 mil • Ghettos: Polish Jews • i.e. Warsaw Ghetto: ½ mil: 10,000 • Death Camps • Genocide • 30 camps • Auschwitz: 1.75 mil; 6,500 a day • Dachau & Buchenwald • Postcards home

  35. Annihilation of the Jewish Population of Europe by Country: *Occupied Nations Shown in Red

  36. Interactive Map: Pay close attention to the map and the beginning of the cold war.

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