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The End Game with Japan

This analysis covers the critical period from February to August 1945, focusing on major battles such as Iwo Jima and Okinawa. It details U.S. and Japanese casualties, strategies employed, and the impact of the Manhattan Project leading up to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The campaign saw heavy losses on both sides and marked a turning point in the Pacific War, culminating in Japan's surrender on August 14, 1945. This era illustrates both the brutal reality of warfare and the scientific advancements that changed history.

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The End Game with Japan

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  1. The End Game with Japan

  2. 19 February – 26 March 1945 1 April – 22 June 1945

  3. Iwo Jima • US Casualties: • 6,821 KIA • 19,217 WIA • 2,648 Combat Fatigue • 33% of total force • Japanese losses: • 20,000+ KIA • 1,083 POW

  4. Problems • Bombardment too short (3 days) • Japanese strength underestimated • Change in Japanese tactics • Soil conditions • US casualties underestimated

  5. Okinawa • Largest amphibious operation of the Pacific war. • 34 US ships sunk • 368 damaged • 763 aircraft lost • 12,000 KIA • 5,000 Navy • 8,000 USMC and Army

  6. As many as 2,800 kamikaze attacks were directed against American ships around Okinawa. USS Bunker Hill 11 May 1945 653 casualties

  7. Japanese losses: • 100,000+ KIA • 23,000+ sealed in caves • 10,755 POW • 7,830 aircraft • 16 combat ships • 40,000 + civilians killed

  8. The Japanese Home Islands

  9. Actual dispositions as of August 1945 7,000 aircraft vs. 10,500 aircraft 14 Divisions vs. 14 Divisions , 9 Brigades

  10. Manhattan Project • AUG, 1939: Einstein–Szilárdletter to FDR • JUNE, 1941: “Office of Scientific Research and Development.” Active planning starts. • JAN, 1942: FDR formally authorizes development of an atomic bomb. • SEPT, 1942: BG Leslie Grove becomes project head • OCT, 1942: Robert Oppenheimer appointed technical head.

  11. Oppenheimer Grove

  12. DEC 1942: Enrico Fermi’s nuclear reactor “goes critical” under the stands of Univ. of Chicago’s Stagg Field. • DEC, 1944: 509th Composite Group formed under Colonel Paul W. Tibbets • JULY 1945: • Trinity Test • USS Indianapolis sails for Tinian with bomb components. • 6 AUG, 1945: Bomb dropped on Hiroshima • 9 AUG, 1945: Bomb dropped on Nagasiki

  13. Japan surrenders 14 August 1945

  14. American military occupation of Japan, 1945 - 1952

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