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Electric fields

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selia
17 diapositives · 406 Views · Jul 10, 2014

This guide explores the fundamentals of electric fields, detailing how they exist around charges and the principles governing their strength. It covers essential equations, such as E = k.q/d², and provides real-world calculations involving protons, electrons, and their interactions in electric fields. Learn about electric potential energy, work, and capacitors, and how to calculate field strength and force experienced by charges within various electric fields. Practice problems included to enhance understanding.

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Electric fields
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  1. Electric fields • An electric field is present around each charge. • The electric field exists at ALL times. • A measurable electric force ONLY exists when another charge is present. • Equation for strength of electric field is • E = k q /d2 where k is constant, q is charge, and d is distance from charge.

  2. Electric fields

  3. Electric fields

  4. Electric fields • http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/efield

  5. Electric fields • What is the strength of an electric field created by a single proton at a distance of 0.25 meters? • What is the strength of the electric field created by 10,000 electrons at a distance of 0.0005 m?

  6. Electric fields practice • What is the strength of an electric field created by a 30 protons at a distance of 0.003 meters? • At what distance from a charge of 6 µC will an electron experience a field strength of 2.5 N/C ?

  7. Practice • Calculate the charge present if a field strength of 3500 N/C is experienced at a distance of 0.38 m from a point charge. • How many electrons are present on a charged object if a field strength of 1200 N/C is measured at a distance of 0.15 meters?

  8. Charges in electric fields • If an electron is placed in an electric field where the field strength is 600 N/C, what force will be experienced by the electron? • How much force would be experienced by a 7 C charge at a point where the field strength is 2000 N/C?

  9. Electric potential energy q E d m g h Gravitational PE =mgh Electric PE = qEd Zero potential

  10. Electric potential energy • How much potential energy does an electron have when it is moved 0.1 meters against an electric field with a strength of 200 N/C? • How much charge will an object have if it has a potential energy of 1.5 Joules when moved 0.05 meters against a field with strength of 5 N/C?

  11. Electric potential • Electric potential does not have a counterpart in gravitational fields. • Electric potential is the electric potential energy of a single charge. • It is calculated by dividing the electric potential energy by the charge. • Given the name voltage V = qEd/q = Ed

  12. Electric potential • How many volts are required to move an electron 0.01 meters against an 2 N/C electric field? • How far will a 1.5 volt battery move a charge against a 2 N/C electric field?

  13. Electric potential and work • Recall that work and potential energy are equivalent. • If PE = qEd = W, and V = Ed, then by substituting V for Ed, we get W = qV. • How much work is required to push an electron through a 1.5 volt battery? • How is this work accomplished?

  14. Capacitors • A capacitor stores energy in an electric field. V = Ed

  15. Capacitors • A capacitor is an energy storage device. Basically a rolled up parallel plate capacitor.

  16. Charges in electric fields • If an electron is placed in an electric field where the field strength is 4000 N/C, what force will be experienced by the electron? • How much force would be experienced by a 2.5 C charge at a point where the field strength is 5000 N/C?

  17. Practice • Calculate the electric field strength of a parallel plate capacitor separated by 0.006 meters and connected to a 12 volt battery. • How many volts are required to give parallel plates separated by 0.0025 meters an electric field strength of 2.7 N/C?