ISKO 2008, Montr éal 4W Vocabulary Mapping Across Diverse Reference Genres

1. ISKO 2008, Montréal 4W Vocabulary Mapping Across Diverse Reference Genres Michael Buckland and Ryan Shaw (& others) Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative and School of Information, Univ. of California, Berkeley Work supported by the Institute for Museum and Library Studies and by the National Endowment for the Humanities. ISKO Montréal

2. Currently: -- Distinct reference genres -- Vocabulary mapping across similar vocabularies -- Codex-like infrastructure Need: -- Interlinked reference genres -- Vocabulary mapping across dissimilar vocabularies -- Union index infrastructure ISKO Montréal

3. Five ideas about use of digital corpora. . . . 1. Understanding requires knowing the context. Context determines understanding! ISKO Montréal

4. Five ideas about use of digital corpora. . . . • 1. Understanding requires knowing the context. • 2. Using Internet resources should be like using a library reference collection – and as easy and as reliable. • 3. Design: Find the context of any museum object, document, or performance: What is related to it in what it is, where it came from, when it originated, and who is associated with it? • WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, and WHO (“4W”) as a structure. • Make better use of existing descriptive metadata. ISKO Montréal

5. Context and relationships: Ireland and Irish Studies – Project diagram. Any word, name, document, or event Connect it with its context – and other resources. Facet Vocabulary Displays WHAT Thesaurus Cross- e.g. LCSH references WHERE Gazetteer Map WHEN Period directory Timeline WHO Biograph. dict. Personal e.g. Who’s Who relations Any catalog: Archives, Libraries, Museums, TV, Publishers Any resource: Audio, Images, Texts, Numeric data, Objects, Virtual reality, Webpages ISKO Montréal

6. Kung fu movies SEE Martial Arts films FORMERLY Hand-to-hand fighting, oriental, in motion pictures WHAT Subject headings Cross-references in & between vocabularies “Automobile” in four dialects: - PASS MOT VEH, SPARK IGN ENG (U.S. Import/Export statistics) - TL 205 (Library of Congress Classification) - 180/280 (US Patent classification) - 3711 (Standard Industrial Classification) NEED TO MAP TO & BETWEEN UNFAMILIAR VOCABULARIES “HS 847120 Digital auto data proc mach contng in the same housing a CPU and input & output device.”(International Harmonized Commodity Classification System). = Computer! ISKO Montréal

7. WHEN? What happened in IRELAND in 1690s? Time Period Directory records in Google Earth. Zoom to Ireland and 1690s. Icon for siege of Limerick, 1690. Click link for library search. Catalog records list books and show context. ISKO Montréal

8. WHOBiographical Dictionary Complex relationships Life events metadata WHAT: Actions prisoner WHERE: Places Holstein WHEN: Times 1261-1262 WHO: People Margaret Sambiria But ideally we need external links to the best resources! Current project: Context finding for biographical texts. Example: Electronic search engine pioneer. ISKO Montréal

9. Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHO? Click a name to search for an internet resource. ISKO Montréal

10. Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHERE? Trace a life-path. ISKO Montréal

11. Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHAT? ISKO Montréal

12. Initial sketch for “Context Finding / Building” interface. Save search path Save link & notes as “stand-off” markup. Save link & notes as embedded mark-up. Insert / block text Ranked lists of suggested resources for each facet chosen Define facet Display of search result ISKO Montréal

13. Scanned text Named Entities ISKO Montréal

14. Hovering over a named entity highlights the areas where it appears in the text. ISKO Montréal

15. Named entities are linked to specific resources or dynamic searches over relevant databases. ISKO Montréal

16. Initially, named entities are linked to keyword searches at the appropriate name authorities and metadata services. Here we see a number of possible candidates for “Henry V”. ISKO Montréal

17. Now that it has been disambiguated, the named entity links directly to the appropriate record. ISKO Montréal

18. Named entities not detected automatically can be added manually. ISKO Montréal

19. Edmund Hogan’s Onomasticon Goedelicum : Locorum et Tribuum Hiberniae et Scotiae = An Index, with Identifications, to the Gaelic Names of Places and Tribes If searchable online, one could, when reading an Irish studies text: 1. Search it (Context finder) 2. Markup text with links to it (Context builder); 3. Markup Hogan with reverse links to the Irish studies text (Context provider) – with rich consequences. ISKO Montréal

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23. Facet genres include other facets Library subject headings Topic – Geographic subdivision – Chronological subdivision Place name gazetteer Place name – Type – Spatial markers (Lat & long) – When Time Period Directory Period name – Type – Time markers (Calendar) – Where Biographical Dictionary Person – Activity type – Time – Where – Who else ISKO Montréal

24. Facet genres with facets realigned. What Where When Who WHAT (LCSH) X X X X WHERE (Place Gazet.) X X X - WHEN (Period dir.) X X X - WHO (Biogr dict.) X X X X From LCSH “Lighthouses” to NGA Gazetteer Geographic Description Code “Lthse” (Lighthouse). Gazetteer entries give locations of instances. Vertical mappings extend semantic links vocabularies, e.g. Horizontal links provide additional context. ISKO Montréal

25. Paper-based reference collection: Codex determines structure and use. Reference Genre Vocabulary Displays Facet Dictionary, encyclopedia Topics Cross-refs WHAT Atlas, gazetteer Places Maps WHERE Almanac, chronology Time Timelines WHEN Biogr. Dict., Who’s Who Persons Personal relationshipsWHO Reversed in a digital environment: Metadata forms infrastructure. Facet Vocabulary Displays Reference Genre WHAT Topics Cross-references Dictionary, Encyclopedia WHERE Places Maps Atlas, gazetteer WHEN Periods Timeline Almanac, Chronology WHO Persons Personal relationships Biogr.dictionary, Whos Who And, better, build a union index, so you know where too look! ISKO Montréal