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The Islamic World

The Islamic World. Chapter 12. How were Muslim leaders able to spread Islam and create an empire?. Section 1: Roots of Islam. In the harsh desert climate of Arabia, Muhammad, a merchant from Mecca, introduced a major world religion called Islam.

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The Islamic World

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  1. The Islamic World Chapter 12

  2. How were Muslim leaders able to spread Islam and create an empire?

  3. Section 1: Roots of Islam • In the harsh desert climate of Arabia, Muhammad, a merchant from Mecca, introduced a major world religion called Islam.

  4. What would be the primary concern for Arabian nomads? • getting food and water for their animals.

  5. Why do you think Arabia is called a “crossroads”? What bodies of water border Arabia to the east and west?

  6. How did Muhammad react to the changes around him growing up? • He prayed and meditated in the hills outside Mecca.

  7. How did Islam spread in Arabia? • It spread with Muhammad’s move to Medina and became popular with Arab tribes.

  8. What was the most important difference between Muhammad’s teachings and the beliefs of other Arabs? • Muhammad taught that there was only one God

  9. Summarize how Muhammad’s teaching affected the people of Arabia. • The teachings challenged and upset many people.

  10. How were Muslim leaders able to spread Islam and create an empire?

  11. Section 2: Islamic Beliefs and Practices • Sacred texts called the Qur’an and the Sunnah guide Muslims in their religion, daily life, and laws.

  12. In what way is the Qur’an similar to holy books of other religions? • It describes guidelines for moral behavior.

  13. What are some of the guidelines for moral behavior described in the Qur’an? • Muslims must wash before praying • Must not eat pork or consume alcohol

  14. What is Ramadan, and what do Muslims do to show that it is important? • Holy month • Allah began revelations to Muhammad at this time • Muslims won’t eat or drink between dawn and sunset (fourth pillar)

  15. How were Muslim leaders able to spread Islam and create an empire?

  16. Section 3: Islamic Empires • After the early spread of Islam, three large Islamic empires formed– the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal.

  17. What happened near the city of Tours in 711? • Christian army stopped Muslim advancement into Europe.

  18. What might have happened if the Berbers had kept fighting the Muslims? • Muslim rule would have spread more slowly in North Africa.

  19. In what way were Cordoba and Baghdad similar? • They were both centers of culture and learning.

  20. What region was at the heart (center) of the Ottoman Empire?

  21. What was the most important difference between the Sunni and the Shia? • Shia believed caliphs had to be related to Muhammad. The Sunni disagreed.

  22. What was the result of the exchange of beliefs and customs between Muslims and the people they conquered? • Different cultures blended together.

  23. In what way were the effects of trade and tolerance on the Muslim world similar? • They both allowed other cultures to influence the Muslim world.

  24. Describe the Ottoman Empire between 1453 and 1566. • It greatly expanded its power and territories.

  25. How were the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal Empire similar? • They both made Shiism their official religion.

  26. What large plateau is located in the heart of the Safavid Empire? Which two groups advanced into Safavid territory?

  27. In what present-day country was the Mughal Empire located? What two landorms acted as a natural northern border for the Mughal Empire?

  28. How were Muslim leaders able to spread Islam and create an empire?

  29. Section 4: Cultural Achievements • Muslim scholars and artists made important contributions to science, art, and literature.

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