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Analyzing Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the Treaty of Versailles

This lesson explores the aftermath of World War I through President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points and the Treaty of Versailles. Students will explain Wilson's vision for lasting peace, analyze the key provisions of the Treaty, and evaluate the successes and failures of the League of Nations. Engaging activities will help students understand the political, social, and economic consequences of the war, including the impact on Europe and the rise of nationalism. Through discussion and analysis, learners will uncover how these events paved the way for future conflicts.

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Analyzing Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the Treaty of Versailles

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  1. The Treaty & League Unit 2 Lesson 9

  2. Objectives • Explain Wilson’s Fourteen Points. • Analyze the Treaty of Versailles. • Evaluate successes and failures of the League of Nations.

  3. Warm Up • How did US involvement turn the tide of WWI? • Numbers • Supplies • Strategy • Spirit

  4. Results of WWI • Social • Death • 8-10 million dead • 20 million wounded • Millions civilians die (war, famine, disease) • Influenza Epidemic • ½ million US • 30 million worldwide • Hatred, intolerance, nationalism • Armenian genocide • Economic • $350 billion • Heavy taxation • Less internatl trade • Communist Russia • US creditor nation

  5. Results of WWI • Political • Three Euro dynasties dethroned • New nations in C. Euro • Econ and poly discontent • League of Nations • US world power

  6. Wilson’s 14 Points • Plan for lasting peace (1-18-1918) • Open treaties • Freedom of seas • Arms reduction • Remove international trade barriers • Fair colonial policies 6-13. Self-determination (New Euro boundaries) 14. League of Nations • Internatl council to resolve conflict & prevent wars

  7. Treaty of Versailles (1919) • Big Four • US- Woodrow Wilson • GBR- David Lloyd George • FRA- Georges Clemenceau • ITL- Vittorio Orlando • US Objective • Fair peace, better world • Euro Allied Objectives • Punish GRM, Recoup losses, Increase empires Click Above for Video!

  8. Treaty of Versailles Provisions • Territorial Changes • Resources to victors • Nationality? • Colonial Losses • Disarmament • No conscription • No war industries • Small forces • Guilt and Reparations • Responsibility • Billions for cost/damages of war • League of Nations

  9. Think-Pair-Share • How does the Treaty contradict 14 Points? • End secret negotiations- Written in secret, major nations left out! • Self-determiniation- boundaries benefit Allies, divide some ethnicities (Austria/Germany) • Arms reduction- reparations used to rebuild Allies militaries • Collective security- US didn’t join

  10. US Opposition to Treaty • Isolation vs International Cooperation • Republican Opposition • Lodge, LaFollette • Article X vs. Congressional powers • Wilson refuses to compromise • Speaking tour, stroke and paralysis • Treaty defeated in Congress • US signs separate agreement w/GRM

  11. Differing Views • Arguments Against • Too harsh • Snubbed others • Wounded pride • Separated peoples • Article X in L of N • Planted seeds WW2 • Nazi party used for support of rise to power • Arguments For • Fair treaty, not enforced properly • Self-determination • Colonial independence • World disarmament • League of Nations

  12. League of Nations Activity • Read the article on the League of Nations and complete the study guide that goes with it.

  13. Closure • How did the Treaty set the stage for WWII? • Punished & humiliated Germany • Divided ethnic groups among different boundaries • RUS, ITL, JPN mistrust “Allies” • Created economic conditions that bred discontent

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