Arc Hydro Groundwater Data Model

1. Arc Hydro Groundwater Data Model Gil Strassberg (Aquaveo) UC2008 Pre-conference Seminars

2. Components • Geology - Representation of data from geologic maps • Wells and Boreholes – Description of well attributes and borehole data • Hydrostratigraphy – 2D and 3D description of hydrostratigraphy • Temporal – Representation of time varying data • Simulation – Representation of groundwater simulation models (focus on MODFLOW) Pre Conference Seminar

3. Geologic maps A geologic map is a cartographic product that portrays information about the geologic character of a specific geographic area • Groundwater features are closely tied to geology • Geologic maps vary in scale (continental, regional, local) • Provide a simple data structure to support mapping Geology Aquifers Maps from the United States National (http://nationalatlas.gov/). Pre Conference Seminar

4. Geologic map databases “A digitally-compiled collection of spatial (geographically referenced) and descriptive geologic information about a specific geographic area” (Geologic Data Subcommittee, Federal Geographic Data Committee 2006) • Standards for archiving geologic map data • Support the development of applications for automating map creation • Complex • Examples: • North American Geologic Map Data Model (NADM) • National Geologic Map Database (NGMDB) • State geologic map databases (e.g. Geologic Atlas of Texas) • ArcGeology Pre Conference Seminar

5. Geologic map databases Geodatabase design for storing data from the Geologic Atlas of Texas (http://www.tnris.org/news.aspx?id=244) Arc Geology: generic geologic map database implemented within ArcGIS (figure from Raines et al. 2007 Pre Conference Seminar

6. Geology component GeologyPoint: Point feature (e.g. springs, caves, sinks, and observation points) GeologyLine: Line features (e.g. faults, contacts, and dikes) GeologyArea: Areal features (e.g. rock units and alteration zones) Map modified from: Geologic map of the Edwards Aquifer recharge zone, south-central Texas. U.S. Geological Survey SIM 2873 Pre Conference Seminar

7. Demo – Geology Pre Conference Seminar

8. Components • Geology - Representation of data from geologic maps • Wells and Boreholes – Description of well attributes and borehole data • Hydrostratigraphy – 2D and 3D description of hydrostratigraphy • Temporal – Representation of time varying data • Simulation – Representation of groundwater simulation models (focus on MODFLOW) Pre Conference Seminar

9. Well databases • Wells are basic features in groundwater databases • Attributes of wells describe its location, depth, water use, owner, etc. • Data are collected from drilling/construction reports and permits Pre Conference Seminar

10. Well databases • Well databases store information on wells and related data • Data are related to wells such as construction, water levels, water quality, and stratigraphy • Usually a central table is used to describe well features and other data are linked to it through key attributes (e.g. state well number) Relationships in the TWDB groundwater database Pre Conference Seminar

11. Well • The Well location is defined as a 2D point in the Well feature class • In the Arc Hydro model we only predefine a set of basic attributes Wells in the Edwards Aquifer Pre Conference Seminar

12. Borehole data • 3D data (screens, completion intervals, stratigraphy) is referenced along the well • From depth (top) – To depth (bottom) Pre Conference Seminar

13. BoreholeLog table • Used to store 3D borehole data related with well features • Each row in the table represents a point/interval along a borehole • Data are related with a Well feature through the WellID attribute • 3D geometry is defined by the TopElev and BottomElev attributes Pre Conference Seminar

14. 3D features (BorePoints and BoreLines) • Can create 3D features representing data in the BoreholeLog table • BorePoint is a 3D point feature class for representing point locations along a borehole (e.g. geologic contacts, samplers) • BoreLine is a 3D line feature class for representing intervals along a borehole Pre Conference Seminar

15. Demo – Aquifer, Wells, and Borehole data Pre Conference Seminar

16. Components • Geology - Representation of data from geologic maps • Wells and Boreholes – Description of well attributes and borehole data • Hydrostratigraphy – 2D and 3D description of hydrostratigraphy • Temporal – Representation of time varying data • Simulation – Representation of groundwater simulation models (focus on MODFLOW) Pre Conference Seminar

17. Hydrogeologic units “Hydrogeologic unit is any soil or rock unit or zone which by virtue of its hydraulic properties has a distinct influence on the storage or movement of ground water” (USGS glossary of hydrologic terms) Hydrogeology can be derived by classifying stratigraphic units Hydrogeologic units Stratigraphic units Upper confining unit Georgetown Fm. Georgetown Fm. (GTOWN) Cyclic + Marine member (CYMRN) Pearson Fm. Leached + collapsed member (LCCLP) Edwards Aquifer Regional dense member (RGDNS) Grainstone member (GRNSTN) Kirschberg evaporite member (KSCH) Kainer Fm. Dolomitic member (DOLO) Basal Nodular member (BSNOD) Upper Glen Rose (UGLRS) Pre Conference Seminar

18. Hydrogeologic unit table • HydroGeologicUnit table provides a conceptual description of hydrogeologic units • Hydrogeologic units are with an AquiferID such that they can be grouped to represent an aquifer • Spatial features are indexed with a HGUID to relate to the conceptual representation of the units Pre Conference Seminar

19. Representations of hydrogeologic units • Different spatial representations of hydrogeologic with 2D and 3D objects • Workflow for creating 3D hydrogeologic models Pre Conference Seminar

20. Hydrogeologic unit table • Hydrogeologic units are described with different spatial instances (outcrops, borehole intervals, surfaces, cross sections, and volumes) • HGUID is the key attribute Pre Conference Seminar

21. HGUArea • 2D polygons defining boundaries of hydrogeologic units • HGUArea (conceptual/interpolated boundary) ≠ GeologyArea (mapped outcrop) GeologyArea features represent data from geologic maps GeologyArea Data points representing top elevations of the Kainer formation GeoArea feature representing the Kainer hydrogeologic unit Pre Conference Seminar

22. Representation of Cross Sections • SectionLinedefines the 2D cross section • GeoSection represent 3D sections as 3D polygons • SectionIDof the polygon relates back to the section line A B’ B’ A’ Section B-B’ (HydroID 4667) A B B A’ GeoSection 4713 HGUID = 3 Pre Conference Seminar

23. GeoRasters • Raster catalog for storing and indexing raster datasets • Can store top and bottom of formations • Each raster is related with a HGU in the hydrogeologic unit table Georgetown Person Kainer Glen Rose Pre Conference Seminar

24. K (feet/day) GeoRasters • GeoRasters also store hydraulic properties such as transmissivity, conductivity, and specific yield Raster of hydraulic conductivity in the Edwards Aquifer Pre Conference Seminar

25. GeoVolume • Objects for representing 3D volume objects • Geometry is multipatch Pre Conference Seminar

26. Georgetown Person Kainer GeoVolume • Can create the volumes as a set of 3D triangles • Not real volume – can’t do any 3D operations • Volumes in this example were generated in GMS and imported to the geodatabase Volumes in GMS GeoVolumes in the geodatabase Pre Conference Seminar

27. Demo – Hydrostratigraphy Pre Conference Seminar

28. Components • Geology - Representation of data from geologic maps • Wells and Boreholes – Description of well attributes and borehole data • Hydrostratigraphy – 2D and 3D description of hydrostratigraphy • Temporal – Representation of time varying data • Simulation – Representation of groundwater simulation models (focus on MODFLOW) Pre Conference Seminar

29. Types of time varying datasets • Single variable time series – A single variable recorded at a location, such as stream discharge or groundwater levels • Multi variable time series – Multiple variables recorded simultaneously at the same location, such as chemical analysis of a water sample • Time varying surfaces (raster series) – Raster datasets indexed by time. Each rater is a “snapshot” of the environment at a certain time. • Time varying features (feature series) – A collection of features indexed by time. Each feature in a feature series represents a variable at a single time period. Pre Conference Seminar

30. Time series • The most basic case is a monitoring device recording values over time (e.g. monitoring well, streamflow gage) Monitoring Well (295443097554201) Sink Creek San Marcos springs Springs San Marcos San Marcos River Pre Conference Seminar

31. Time series Time (TsTime) • TimeSeries table is the basic table for storing time series data • Need to support: what, where, and when • Variables table defines variable objects Space (FeatureID) Variables (VariableID) Pre Conference Seminar

32. Time series • By querying the table we can create different data views (a) TsTime (b) TsTime (c) TsTime 2791 FeatureID FeatureID 2791 FeatureID 2 2 VariableID VariableID VariableID Pre Conference Seminar

33. Time series views – create time series graph • FeatureID of the time series = HydroID of the spatial feature (e.g. Well) Well HydroID = 2791 Pre Conference Seminar

34. Time series views – map a variable at a given time Map a certain variable (e.g. water levels) at a given time (e.g. February 2004) Feet above mean sea level TsTime 2/2004 FeatureID 2 VariableID Pre Conference Seminar

35. Multi-variable time series • Data are indexed by space (FeatureID) and by time (TsTime) but instead of one variable we store multiple variables. • The column heading is the variable key (VarKey) Variables (VarKey) Pre Conference Seminar

36. Multi-variable time series • Data are indexed by space (FeatureID) and by time (TsTime) but instead of one variable we store multiple variables. • The column heading is the variable key (VarKey) Variables (VarKey) Pre Conference Seminar

37. RasterSeries • Raster datasets indexed by time • Each raster represents a continuous surface describing a variable for a given time over an area of interest January 1991 January 1992 January 1993 Pre Conference Seminar

38. Feature Series • A collection of features indexed by time (e.g. particle tracks) • Features are indexed by VariableID, TsTime. • Features can also be indexed with a GroupID. Each group of features creates a track over time Pre Conference Seminar

39. Demo – Time Series Pre Conference Seminar

40. Components • Geology - Representation of data from geologic maps • Wells and Boreholes – Description of well attributes and borehole data • Hydrostratigraphy – 2D and 3D description of hydrostratigraphy • Temporal – Representation of time varying data • Simulation – Representation of groundwater simulation models (focus on MODFLOW) Pre Conference Seminar

41. Representing simulation models • Georeference model inputs and outputs (in space and time) • Focus on MODFLOW, block centered finite difference grid (nodes are in the center of the cells) • Represent 2D and 3D models Block-centered finite difference grid Pre Conference Seminar

42. Simulation component Features for representing data from simulation models Pre Conference Seminar

43. Boundary Polygon feature class for representing the extent and orientation of a simulation model Pre Conference Seminar

44. Cell2D and Node Cell2D: polygon feature class that represents cells or elements associated with a two-dimensional simulation model or a single layer of a three-dimensional model Node: point feature class used in combination with Cell2D to represent the model’s mesh/grid. • Finite element mesh • Mesh centered finite difference grid • Cell centered finite difference grid Pre Conference Seminar

45. Cell3D • Multipatch feature class that represents three-dimensional cells and elements • Used mostly for visualization of 3D models Pre Conference Seminar

46. Demo – Simulation (with demo of MODFLOW Analyst) Pre Conference Seminar