1. Cell j - notes 1.6 - 1.10 ( pg. 26-37)

2. Parts of a cell (see with an Electron Microscope) • 1) The Cytoplasm: The working area of every cell, contains special structures called organelles. The Organelles described below is found in both plant and animal cell. • 2) Mitochondria: Also known as the power house of the cell. Mitochondria provide the cell with energy. These Organelles break down food particles and release their stored energy. This energy is used in almost every other function of the cell

3. 3) Ribosomes : Proteins are put together on Ribosomes using information from the Nucleus and molecules from the Cytoplasm. • 4) Endoplasmic – reticulum: A folded Organelle that makes proteins. They may appear rough or smooth • 5) The Golgi Apparatus: Proteins are stored inside the Golgi Apparatus. This Organelle puts proteins into packages, called vesicles. • 6) Lysosome: Lysosome patrols the Cytoplasm, cleaning up. They are used to kill and digest invading organisms

4. CELLS IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT • Cells allow some materials to enter or leave, but not others. They are said to be permeable to some materials and impermeable to others. ( permeable means permitting passage and impermeable means not permitting passage ). When the membrane allows certain substances to enter or leave, but not others, the cell membrane is said to be selectively permeable. Both plant and animal cells have selectively permeable membranes.

5. Diffusion : is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to and area of low concentration. Diffusion is one of the ways substances move into and out of cells. Diffusion happens all around you. If you have ever been in a room in your house and you smelled the aroma of pizza coming from the kitchen, then you have experienced Diffusion.

6. Osmosis: The Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called Osmosis Have you ever gone to the refrigerator to snack on some crisp vegetable only to find out that the celery is limp? As celery looses its water it droops. It will become crisp again if water moves back into the cells of the vegetable. Osmosis is the reason wilted celery becoming crisp after being put in H2O

7. Turgor Pressure : Have you ever noticed that when salt is used on sidewalks and roads during the winter, the surrounding grass may wilt or die? If the concentration of the H2O outside a plant cell is higher than inside it, water molecules enter the cell by Osmosis. The water fills the vacuoles and cytoplasm , causing them to swell up and push against the cell wall. This outward pressure is called Turgor Pressure. As the grassloses Turgor Pressure , it begins to wilt. If H2O is not restored to the cells and the grass will die.

8. Definitions • 1. Solute • 2. Solvent • 3. Turgor Pressure • 4. Diffusion • 5. Osmosis • 6. Permeable . • 7. Impermeable • 8. Selectively permeable • 9. Mitochondria • 10. Ribosomes • 11. Endoplasmic – reticulum • 12. Golgi Bodies • 13. Lysosomes • 14. Organelles