Learning Objectives Grade 9 – Nutrition Unit 1

1. Learning Objectives Grade 9 – Nutrition Unit 1 • the six classes of nutrients (Functions & sources) • vitamins & minerals, their functions and sources. • the nutritional value of a food • the daily diet guidelines using the food pyramid • RDA- Recommended Daily Allowance according to age, gender and activity level

2. What is Nutrition? • The science or study of food and the ways in which the body uses it. • Nutrients are substances in food that provide energy or help form body tissues and are necessary for life and growth • 6 essential nutrients – Protein, Fats, Carbohydrates, Vitamins, Minerals, Water

3. Carbohydrates – for energy Simple: made up of single or double sugar molecules sugar , candies(sucrose), honey, fruits (fructose), milk(lactose), starch (glucose) Complex: made up of many sugar molecules. Starch -Potatoes, rice, grains Glycogen – stored in liver & muscle Fiber – many glucose molecules linked found in fruit & veg. Can’t be broken down, essential for a healthy digestive system Protein – growth, repairs cells & tissues, maintenance (Amino Acids) Complete – Animal proteins (meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy, soya beans) Incomplete – most plant proteins (legumes, beans, nuts & grains) Fats/Lipids (stores vitamins, energy source, protect organs, regulates hormones, nerve & cell function) Saturated - Animal & animal products Unsaturated – vegetable products (olive oil, sunflower..) Cholesterol (also a lipid LDL& HDL): Only found in Animal & animal products LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) – BAD… build up and forms plaques in blood vessels HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) – Good- carries cholesterol back to the liver and removed from the blood

4. Water • Necessary for EVERY function that keeps you alive! • * Transports nutrients • Gets rid of waste • Provides the correct • environment for chemical reactions in the body • Regulates body temperature Vitamins – essential to maintain health and allow growth Fat soluble - A, D, E & K – stored in the body Water soluble – B1-12, & C – eat daily Minerals – needed for body processes such as enzyme activity and bone formation Some main ones; Iron – deficiency Anemia Calcium - deficiency Osetoporosis (Brittle Bones) Sodium TOO MUCH – high blood pressureleading to heart disease, stroke and kidney failure

5. RDA – Recommended Daily Allowance • Dependant on – Age, Gender, Activity • Calories/ unit of energy – come from protein , fats & carbohydrates • CONVERSIONS •  1 gram Carbohydrate = 4 kcal • 1 gram Protein = 4 kcal • 1 gram Fat = 9 kcal

6. Do you Realize What you’re Eating? (Project) • To have the students learn about the nutritional value of their favorite fast foods. • To have the students determine a personal ‘Recommended Daily Dietary Allowance’ (RDA) for ONE day. • To have the students track and analyze their eating habits for ONE day • To have the students compare their personal eating habits with the recommended values.

7. RECOMMENDED DAILY DIETARY ALLOWANCE (RDA) RDA Macronutrients (Healthy Range) • % of Fat = 20% - 30% • % of carbs = 45% - 65% • % of protein = 10% - 30% RDA Micronutrients • Sodium = 2500mg (maximum) • Calcium = 1300mg (minimum) • Iron = 18mg (females) 12mg (males) • Cholesterol = 300mgs (maximum)

8. www.mypyramid.gov

9. BENEFITS OF A BALANCED DIET • Maintain healthy body weight • Important for proper growth and development • Helps prevent diseases such as obesity, diabetes type 2, heart disease, high blood pressure, cancer, osteoporosis • More energy • Increased self esteem

10. Tips to help you: •Make half your grains whole •Vary your veggies •Focus on fruit •Get your calcium rich foods •Go lean with protein •Find your balance between food and physical activity •Keep food safe to eat