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Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Development

Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Development. Chapter 18 Sections 1, 2, & 3. The Female Reproductive System. Objectives. State the role of the female reproductive system. Describe the function of each of the organs of the female reproductive system.

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Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Development

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  1. Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Development Chapter 18 Sections 1, 2, & 3

  2. The Female Reproductive System

  3. Objectives • Statethe role of the female reproductive system. • Describethe function of each of the organs of the female reproductive system. • Describethe changes in the body during the menstrual cycle. • Summarize4 problems that can occur with the female reproductive system. • List five things a female can do to keep her reproductive system healthy.

  4. When Does Puberty Begin & What Happens To The Body? • Begins between ages 10-12 • Develop arm pit & pubic hair • Hips widen • Breasts grow • Menstrual cycle begins • Ovaries begin producing estrogen & progesterone

  5. What Is The Function Of The Female Reproductive System? To Make Eggs & To Provide A Place To Support & Nourish A Developing Human

  6. Key Vocabulary Words & Definitions Sperm: the sex cell that is produced by the testes and that is needed to fertilize an egg. Fertilization: the process by which a sperm and an egg and their genetic material join to create a new human life. Egg (ovum): the sex cell that is produced by the ovaries and that can be fertilized by sperm.

  7. How The Female Reproductive System Works

  8. The Female Reproductive System Is Made Up Of Internal & External Organs

  9. Path Of The Egg

  10. Produces eggs & the hormones estrogen & progesterone Almond shaped Stores & releases a mature egg once per month - ovulation Found deep in the pelvic area What Do The Ovaries Do & Where Are They Found?

  11. What Are Eggs or Ovum? • The sex cells that mature in the ovaries & can be fertilized by the sperm. • Females are born with hundreds of thousands of immature eggs; a mature egg can only be fertilized for 24 hours. • Ovulation – the release of an egg from the ovary (once per month)

  12. Estrogen: Causes the reproductive organs to mature into their adult shape Causes the growth of pubic & underarm hair Helps strengthen the bones Estrogen & Progesterone: Regulates the monthly release of an egg & Prepares the body for pregnancy. What Are The Female Hormones?

  13. Transports the egg from the ovary to the uterus Where fertilization takes place It’s the size of a strand of spaghetti Fimbria Flowerlike ends of the Fallopian Tubes helps move the egg from the ovary into the Fallopian Tube What Do The Fallopian Tubes &Fimbria Do?

  14. Provides a place to support a developing human. Is found on the top of the vagina between the bladder and the rectum. A fertilized egg will implant itself in the uterine lining & in develop 9 months; Normal size = women’s fist; When pregnant, it expands to the size of a medium watermelon What Does The Uterus Do?

  15. Barrier separating the vagina from uterus; Normally very hard Dilates to 10 centimeters & softens just before birth  What Is The Cervix?

  16. Runs from the lower end of the uterus to the outside of the body. Receives sperm during reproduction Allows menstrual flow to exit the body Is the part of the birth canal through which the baby is delivered. What Is The Vagina & What Does It Do?

  17. Labia Majora The outer lips of the vagina; Provide cushion – similar to that of the scrotum on the male Labia Minora Inner lips; Swell & deepen in color during sexual stimulation What Are The Exterior Parts Of The Female Reproductive System?

  18. Clitoris Very sensitive Covered by a hood of skin; Purpose is sexual stimulation Hymen Thin membrane over the vaginal opening; Will tear during 1st time sexual intercourse What Are The Exterior Parts Of The Female Reproductive System?

  19. Urinary Opening Expels urine Anus Expels feces Vaginal Opening Receives penis during sex Expels menstrual fluid Birth canal opening What Are The Three Openings In The Female Reproductive Area?

  20. What Is The Menstrual Cycle? Hormonal & physical changes in the body that prepare the uterine lining for pregnancy.

  21. How Does The Menstrual Cycle Work? • Rising estrogen levels cause the uterine lining to thicken • Increasing levels of the follicle stimulating & luteinizing hormones cause the maturation & release of an egg - Ovulation.

  22. Menstrual Cycle Continued • After ovulation, the uterine lining continues to thicken. • This helps nourish & support the baby during pregnancy. • If pregnancy does not occur, the uterine lining breaks down & discharges through the vagina – Menstruation. Estrogen & progesterone levels rapidly decrease. • Females use tampons or sanitary napkins to absorb the blood.

  23. The Menstrual Cycle(Preparing for Pregnancy) Days 22-28 Uterine lining is complete Days 1-7 Uterine Lining Sheds Days 3-7 Menstruation Days 8-15 Most fertile timeUterus lining begins to thicken Days 16-21 Uterine lining thickens Days 13-15 Ovulation Occurs

  24. Why Does The Menstrual Cycle Vary? • Environmental factors such as • stress, • diet, • travel, • exercise, • weight gain or loss, & • illness can influence the timing of the females cycle.

  25. Problems Of The Female Reproductive System

  26. What Are 7 Ways To Keep Healthy? • Exercise regularly & maintain a balanced diet. • Gently wash the genital area everyday with warm water & mild soap. Do not use feminine hygiene spray or powders. • Wipe the vaginal opening from front to back after urination. • Change sanitary napkins or tampons every 4-6 hours when menstruating. • Avoid wearing tight clothing that can cause discomfort. • Do a breast self exam each month. • Have an annual pelvic exam with a doctor.

  27. Abnormalities are on the surface lining (or "skin") of the cervix. Cervical dysplasia is pre-cancerous, not cancer.  Mild dysplasia often goes away without any treatment Severe dysplasia can become invasive cancer if not treated.  What Is Cervical Dysplasia & Carcinoma-In-Situ?

  28. What Are The Parts Of the Breast & What Is Its Purpose? Fatty TissueThe more fatty tissue the larger the breast; Where breast cancer usually occurs Milk GlandsProduce milk Milk DuctsMoves milk from the milk gland to the nipple NippleFeeds the baby AreolaDark shade of skin that surrounds the nipple Breast Have 2 Purposes • Breast feeding & • Sexual pleasure

  29. 1 out of 9women will get breast cancer How Do You Perform A MonthlyBreast Self Exam (BSE)?

  30. Early Detection Of Breast Cancer • The chance is higher if it runs in the family • When performing a self-exam, feel for unusual lumps & thickening under the skin • Women over 40 need to begin getting regular Mammograms

  31. A procedure or test for breast cancer. What Is A Mammogram? Normal Fatty Breast Tissue Normal Dense Breast Tissue

  32. Mastectomy specimen containing a very large cancer of the breast Breast cancer (dark pink) in & around a lymph node (purple). Breast cancer can metastasize (spread) to the nearby lymph nodes, usually those under the arm. That is why surgery for breast cancer always involves some type of surgery for the glands under the arm. Once cancer enters the lymph nodes, it can spread throughout the body.

  33. Breast Cancer Patient with advanced local-regional recurrence of breast cancer with an ulcerating axillary mass

  34. Mastectomy

  35. Preventing Sexually Transmitted Diseases • You & your partner should be examined before considering intercourse – check for STDs & HIV/AIDS • Use condoms • Limit the number of sexual partners • Know the signs of problems in the male & female reproductive system

  36. What Is Vaginal Irritation & How Do You Prevent It? Vaginal Irritation • A redness, itching, or slight discomfort around the opening of the vagina. Prevention • Regular bathing, • Wear loose cotton clothes & cotton underwear, • Avoid scented products that touch skin in the genital area, & • Avoid pantyhose, tight jeans, & wet clothes

  37. What Are Menstrual Cramps & How Can You Relieve Them? Menstrual cramps • Caused by contractions of the uterine muscles Relief • Take a warm bath, • Eat a balanced diet, • Exercise regularly, • Use anti-inflammatory drugs • Reduce caffeine & sugar intake

  38. What Is Infertility & What Are The Causes? Infertility • The inability to get pregnant Causes Can Be • Genetic • Endometriosis or • STDs

  39. A breast & genital exam, plus a Pap smear. What Is A Pelvic Exam?

  40. Examines the cells of the cervix to detect & prevent cervical cancer. What Is A Pap Smear?

  41. Section 18.2 Review

  42. Key Terms • Define Ovaries • The female reproductive organs that produce eggs & the hormones estrogen & progesterone • What is “the female reproductive organ that provides a place to support a human being?” • The Uterus

  43. Key Ideas • What is the purpose of the female reproductive system? • To produce eggs & provide a place to support & nourish a developing human • What is the female reproductive organ that transports the egg from the ovary to the uterus? • The Fallopian Tube

  44. Key Ideas • What is the path of the egg through the female reproductive system? • Ovary • Fallopian Tube • The Uterus • Exits the Vagina if unfertilized

  45. Key Ideas • What are the changes that occur in the female reproductive during the menstrual cycle? • Menstruation • Ovulation • Thickening of the uterine lining

  46. Key Ideas • What are the symptoms of menstrual cramps? • Contractions of uterine muscles • Lower abdominal pain • Occasional nausea & vomiting • What are the symptoms of vaginitis? • Irritation or itching around the vagina • Vaginal discharge

  47. What Are 7 Ways To Keep Healthy? • Exercise & eat a balanced diet • Gently wash the genital area everyday with warm water & mild soap - Do not use feminine hygiene spray or powders • Wipe the vaginal opening from front to back • Change sanitary napkins or tampons every 4-6 hours • Avoid wearing tight clothing • Do a breast self exam each month • Have an annual pelvic exam with a doctor

  48. Critical Thinking • What can a girl do if she has severe menstrual cramps? • Take an anti-inflammatory drug (Midol, Tylenol, Aleve, Advil…) • Take a warm bath • See a doctor of severe

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