AARHUS UNIVERSITY

1. AARHUS UNIVERSITY Advanced Human Capital for EuropeRector Lauritz B. Holm-Nielsen

2. Europedemandsadvanced human capital • Innovation Union 2020: 1.000.000 new research jobs • ERAB 2030 recommendations: • 50% of EC research funding should go to frontier, high-risk R&D • 20% of EU doctoral candidates working outside their home country • 5% of GDP is spend on R&D. Private investments accounts for 2/3 • EU+member states triple spending on higher education to 3.3% of GDP • Half of the adult population has achieved tertiary education

3. Scientific staff increasingly on the move Share of foreign-born human resources in science and technology, aged 25-64 years in EU-27 and selected countries, 2006 Source: Eurostat HRST data base

4. International mobility of talent • Attracting researchers is not simply a question of pecuniary rewards • Opportunities for career development • Autonomy to pursue the unexpected • Well-financed positions (tenure track) • Importance of creating attractive research environments Source: Holm-Nielsen & Thorn, 2008

5. How attractive are different university systems? Criteria • Degree of independence • Guidance received from superior or coworkers • Salary • Holiday entitlement • Health-care benefits • Maternity or paternity leave • Retirement plan • Total hours worked per week Source: Nature Vol 465 24 June 2010

6. Howcan European Universitiescontribute?

7. Early identification of research talent - Bologna and PhD programs 5 + 3 Bologna Classic 4 + 4 3 + 5 Bologna Danese

8. Advanced career Early career Post doc PhD Early recruitment Principles guiding career development at Aarhus University • Clearly defined pathways • Support for high-flying individuals • Incentives for scientific staff to work across scientific disciplines • Recognition of alternative career tracks (e.g. industrial PhD program) • Early warning when permanent employment is unlikely to be realized

9. Nurturing young researchers • Grants for screening potential PhDs and post docs • Provide young staff freedom to conduct independent research • Proactive assistance from research support office e.g. in identifying and applying for competitive funding • Allocate time for training in transferable skills and international collaboration

10. The Modern University The Humboldt University The Triple Helix University Talent development PhDs Education Research Post docs Students Knowledge exchange Professors Research projects Studies Research programmes Lifelong learning Contracts

11. Strategic use of university resources • Strategic use of the university research foundation and central resources • Award potential and not always exclusively an extensive track record • Starting grants for young potential researchers • Support the recruitment of highly accomplished scientists and foreign professors Nobel Laureate Dale T. Mortensen NWU and Aarhus University The Nobel Prize in Economics, 2010

12. Recruitment • Need to avoid “cannibalism” by promoting brain circulation and refraining from charitable recruitment • Post all research positions- including entry-level posts, openly and internationally • Headhunting and active use of search committees • Be willing to share the best Prof. Francis Fukuyama, Stanford and Aarhus University

13. Fair braincirculation and buildingcapacity • Well-managed universities in developing countries • Local knowledge production and innovation • Local availability of highly skilled graduates • How may Europe’s university sector contribute to capacity building in a fair and effective ? • Can we stimulate brain circulation?

14. For the world’s top universities the real challenge is not funding but competing for the most advanced human capital… Nobel Laureate Jens Christian Skou, Aarhus University The Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1997

15. Thank youRector Lauritz B. Holm-NielsenE-mail: rector@au.dk