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A PERSPECTIVE FROM LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

A PERSPECTIVE FROM LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION. AGENDA: WHAT IS LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION (LEF)? LEF: VISION, MISSION, APPROACH, PARTNERS, EXPERIENCE LEF ’ s VIEWS ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THE WORK OF LEF IN SAKHALIN (2005 - 2009) KEY SD CHALLENGES: REFLECTIONS FROM LEF

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A PERSPECTIVE FROM LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

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  1. A PERSPECTIVE FROM LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION AGENDA: • WHAT IS LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION (LEF)? • LEF: VISION, MISSION, APPROACH, PARTNERS, EXPERIENCE • LEF’s VIEWS ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT • THE WORK OF LEF IN SAKHALIN (2005 - 2009) • KEY SD CHALLENGES: REFLECTIONS FROM LEF • LEF’S EXPERIENCE: EMERGING LESSONS EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  2. THE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION (LEF) • A non-profit, non-governmental organisation (NGO) • Established in London in 1987 • Overall goal: to contribute to shared learning and action for sustainable development • Funding: mixture of public (mainly UK, EU) and private (corporations, donors) • Main activities: environmental learning and action programmes; promoting/facilitating consensus building and partnerships for sustainable development; sustainable community development; training of trainers (active learning); production of education materials EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  3. LEF: VISION “Our vision is of a living Earth where people learn and act together to help sustain the systems and resources necessary for a fulfilled life.” EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  4. LEF: MISSION “LEF’S MISSION IS TO TURN IDEAS INTO ACTION : WORKING WITH PEOPLE TO RESOLVE THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES THAT CONCERN THEM” EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  5. LEF: KEY GOAL “Living Earth Foundation aims to develop partnerships that demonstrate how communities, government and businesses can work together to achieve common goals on social and environmental issues, through dialogue, negotiation and consensus-building” EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  6. LEF: PARTNERS AND EXPERIENCE LEF works (or has worked in the past): • in partnership with governments, civil society organisations, private corporations and institutions of education; • in the UK (with schools, local governments, companies, universities, others); • in Africa (Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda, Republic of South Africa, Equatorial Guinea); • in Latin America (Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina); • in Europe (Hungary, Bulgaria, Russia); • In Iran. EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  7. LEF APPROACH: AIMS AND PRINCIPLES • CONTRIBUTE TO INCREASE LOCAL CAPACITY to implement sustainable development projects • PROMOTE TRUST, CONSENSUS-BUILDING AND PARTNERSHIPS among key stakeholders • CONTRIBUTE TO DEVELOP SOCIAL CAPITAL (i.e. the capacity of key social actors to coordinate efforts and to work together towards agreed goals) • ACTIVE LEARNING METHODOLOGY: learning by doing and by sharing experience; reflective action; critical self-awareness; promoting dialogue and a culture of shared learning EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  8. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (SD) • CONVENTIONAL DEFINITION OF SD: THE INTEGRATION OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS • A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION • SD: GOAL AND PROCESS • LEF: A PRACTICAL PERSPECTIVE ON SD EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  9. THE INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMICGOALS SOCIAL: HEALTH, EDUCATION, PUBLIC SERVICES, FREEDOM, PEACE, JUSTICE, QUALITY OF LIFE ECONOMIC: INCOME, JOBS, GROWTH, TECHNOLOGY, PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL: CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND SYSTEMS, CONTROL OF CONTAMINATION 9 EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009

  10. SD: HOW DOES THIS INTEGRATION WORK? ECONOMIC SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL 10 ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009 EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  11. SD: THE PROPER VALUE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL ECONOMICS 11 EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009

  12. A MAJOR SD CHALLENGE:THE EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION 12 ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009

  13. SD: GOAL AND PROCESS • SD AS GOAL: A SITUATION IN WHICH EQUITABLE AND INCLUSIVE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ARE ENSURED FOR THE LONG TERM • SD AS A PROCESS: THE PATHWAY TOWARDS THE GOAL - DEVELOPING THE UNDERSTANDING, SKILLS, RELATIONS, VALUES, ATTITUDES, BEHAVIOUR REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE THE GOAL (LEF’s APPROACH) EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  14. FOR LEF, SD AS PROCESS:THE ESSENCE IS ‘RESPECT FOR LIFE’ • Respect for values, beliefs and traditions that may be radically different from our own (unacceptable to categorise others as “primitive” or “backward”). • Acceptance of social and cultural imperatives (eg. to maintain harmonious relationships in specific social contexts). • Respect for biodiversity and the acceptance of environmental imperatives. • Respect for economic diversity. EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  15. THE WORK OF LEF IN SAKHALIN • PARTNERSHIP WITH SAKHALIN STATE UNIVERSITY (SSU) SINCE 2005 (MoU SIGNED IN FEBRUARY 2006) • AIMS: • DEVELOP THE CAPACITY OF SSU TO ACT AS PROMOTER AND FACILITATOR OF SD; • BUILD CAPACITY (INFORMATION, UNDERSTANDING, SKILLS, RELATIONS) OF KEY SOCIAL ACTORS TO IMPLEMENT SD • IMPLEMENT PRACTICAL LEARNING AND ACTION SD PROJECTS BASED ON MULTI-STAKEHOLDER COOPERATION • CONTRIBUTE TO A SD STRATEGY FOR SAKHALIN, BASED ON MULTI-STAKEHOLDER CONSENSUS • FUNDING: PECE/DEFRA, SHELL INTL., SEIC EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  16. LEF AND SSU SIGN PARTNERSHIP MoU EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  17. LEF PROJECTS IN SAKHALIN TO DATE • LEF-SSU COURSE ON SD FOR LOCAL AND REGIONAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS OF SAKHALIN (2005/2006) • LEARNING VISIT TO SCOTLAND/SHETLAND ISLANDS BY 12 STAKEHOLDERS FROM SAKHALIN (MAY 2007) • TRAINING PROGRAMME FOR SSU LECTURERS (2007/2008) • COURSE ON SD FOR KEY STAKEHOLDERS FROM KORSAKOV (2007/2009) - TOWARDS PRACTICAL LOCAL DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES (2009) EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  18. LEF’S WORK IN SAKHALIN: DESIRED IMPACTS • INCREASED CAPACITY TO WORK WITH OTHERS, AND GREATER CONFIDENCE TO ACT TOGETHER, AMONGST KEY STAKEHOLDERS • CLOSER LINKS BETWEEN REGIONAL/LOCAL GOVERNMENT, COMPANIES AND COMMUNITIES • CONSTRUCTIVE DIALOGUE ABOUT LONG-TERM FUTURE, AMONG KEY STAKEHOLDERS • STRENGTHENED SSU FACILITATES AND SUPPORTS LEARNING, DIALOGUE AND CONSENSUS-BUILDING FOR SD • ENHANCED, CONSTRUCTIVE RELATIONS AMONG KEY STAKEHOLDERS STRENGTHENS DEMOCRATIC PARTICIPATION IN DECISION - MAKING PROCESSES EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  19. THE PROCESS OF SD: KEY CHALLENGES • CONSENSUS • SOCIAL CAPITAL • LEGITIMACY EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  20. CONSENSUS “Awareness on the part of members of a group that they share feelings, traditions, ideas or definitions in relation to a given situation” (from the Spanish definition in El Pequeño Larousse Ilustrado 1999) EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  21. SOCIAL CAPITAL The capacity of different groups/sectors in a community, to: • work together to create and maintain institutions, assets, services for the common good; • develop shared visions, goals and plans; • develop relations based on reciprocal trust. EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  22. LEGITIMACY “Legitimacy implies that people accept or follow rules, initiatives and laws because they consider them correct, right, reasonable, justified” Held, D. (1989) Political Theory and the Modern State. Essays on the State, Power and Democracy • Legitimacy is culturally and historically determined • Legitimacy is NOT legality (the two may be opposed) • Perceptions are key • Legitimacy is central to the development of trust EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  23. BUILDING CONSENSUS: KEY FACTORS VALUE/IMPORTANCE OF RELATION WITH ‘THE OTHER’ + ACCEPTANCE RESIGNATION CONSENSUS CONCILIATION ACCOMMODATION INHIBITION AVOIDANCE IMPOSITION + VALUE/IMPORTANCE OF ACHIEVING ‘THE GOAL’ EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  24. ADVERSARIAL : Based on the defence of ‘our interests against theirs’ Seeks to ‘defeat adversaries’ Fosters mistrust, fear, suspicion of ‘the other’ Creates ‘winners and losers’ Generates resentment, pain, frustration, desire for revenge UNDERLYING ASSUMPTION: “I must win and you must lose, because if you win, I lose..” CONSENSUAL: Seeks to identify and explore common interests Seeks to benefit all participants Promotes reciprocal trust Generates synergy Promotes conviviality, peace UNDERLYING ASSUMPTION: “We can all benefit. If you win, I also win; if I win, you win too..” NEGOTIATION TO BUILD CONSENSUS EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009 24

  25. BUILDING CONSENSUS: KEY PRINCIPLES • Build trust • Share relevant information • Focus on interests (not positions) • Explore common interests - think creatively • Build inclusive agreements • Carry out and monitor agreements 25 EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009

  26. BUILDING CONSENSUS:INTEREST-BASED NEGOTIATION POSITIONS: PRE-FORMULATED SOLUTIONS - designed to satisfy specific sets of interests; openly stated, often as inflexible ‘final offers’ during negotiation INTERESTS:UNDERLYING MOTIVATIONS - not always openly stated; include material needs, beliefs, values, expectations, fear, love, hatred EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009 26

  27. POSITION AND INTERESTS POSITION INTERESTS EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009 27

  28. INTEREST-BASED NEGOTIATION:HOW DOES IT WORK? POSITION OF ‘A’ POSITION OF ‘B’ BELIEFS VALUES POLITICALDYNAMICS EXPECTATIONS INTERESTS OF ‘B’ INTERESTS OF ‘A’ COMMON INTERESTS SHARED SOLUTIONS 28 ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009 EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

  29. DIALOGUE AND NEGOTIATION EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION 29 ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009

  30. BUILDING TRUST: KEY LESSONS • FACE-TO-FACE ENCOUNTERS PLAY KEY ROLE • WE NEED TO LEARN TO LISTEN • TIMELY SHARING OF RELEVANT INFORMATION IS VERY IMPORTANT • BUILDING TRUST TAKES TIME, PATIENCE • IT REQUIRES SENSITIVITY, OPENESS, FLEXIBILTY • COLLAPSE OF TRUST CAN OCCUR QUICKLY EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009 30

  31. SHARING REFLECTIONS: LESSONS • TRI-SECTOR PARTNERSHIPS CAN BE EFFECTIVE TOOLS TO PROMOTE SHARED LEARNING AND ACTION FOR SD • LOCAL GOVERNMENTS HAVE A CRUCIAL ROLE TO PLAY IN PARTNERSHIPS FOR SD • BUILDING CONSENSUS AND PARTNERSHIPS, AND DEVELOPING SOCIAL CAPITAL REQUIRES FLEXIBILITY, ADAPTABILITY, NEW SKILLS • EDUCATION FOR SD ENTAILS PROMOTING CRITICAL THINKING, VALUES, COHERENCE - NOT TELLING PEOPLE WHAT TO DO 31 EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009

  32. KEY FEATURES OF EFFECTIVE PARTNERSHIPS • VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION OF PARTNERS • ADDED VALUE TO WHAT EACH PARTNER COULD ACHIEVE ALONE • PARTNERS AGREE SHARED VISION, GOALS • PARTNERS AGREE/SHARE ROLES, RESPONSIBILITIES • PARTNERS AGREE AND IMPLEMENT MECHANISMS FOR MONITORING, EVALUATION, DISPUTE RESOLUTION 32 EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009

  33. FINAL REFLECTIONS: RE-VALUING WISDOM “Victory creates hatred, defeat suffering. Wise persons do not seek either victory or defeat. According to the Law of the Universe, hatred, vengeance and reprisals only ensure that the cycle will continue” Samdec Prea Mojá Gosananda Cambodian Buddhist Monk (1929 - 2007) 33 EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009

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