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Understanding Bone Conditions: Osteomalacia, Osteomyelitis, and Osteoporosis

This lesson explores various bone conditions including Osteomalacia, Osteomyelitis, and Osteoporosis. Osteomalacia, meaning "soft bones," results from insufficient dietary calcium or vitamin D and can lead to deformities like bowed legs and pelvic issues, especially in children (Rickets). Osteomyelitis is a serious inflammation of bone and marrow due to bacterial infection. Osteoporosis involves the accelerated loss of bone mass, commonly affecting postmenopausal women and leading to fractures. Hormonal influences on bone health, including growth hormone and sex hormones, are also discussed.

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Understanding Bone Conditions: Osteomalacia, Osteomyelitis, and Osteoporosis

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  1. Bone Conditions Unit 3, Lesson 2

  2. Bone Conditions – Soft Bones • Osteomalacia • Literally “soft bones.” • Includes many disorders in which bone is produced but not fully mineralized. • Causes can include insufficient dietary calcium • Insufficient vitamin D or insufficient exposure to sun light. • Rickets • Children's form of osteomalacia • More detrimental due to the fact that their bones are still growing. • Signs include bowed legs, and deformities of the pelvis, ribs, and skull. What about the above x-ray is indicative of rickets?

  3. Bone Conditions - Osteomyelitis • Osteomyelitis • Osteo=bone • myelo=marrow • itis=inflammation. • Inflammation of bone and bone marrow caused by pus-forming bacteria that enter the body via a wound (e.g., compound fracture) or migrate from a nearby infection. • Used to be fatal before antibiotics

  4. Bone Conditions • Osteoporosis • Group of diseases in which bone resorptionoccurs at a faster rate than bone deposition. • Bone mass drops and bones become increasingly porous. • Compression fractures of the vertebrae and fractures of the femur are common. • Postmenopausal women experience a rapid decline in estrogen secretion; estrogen stimulates osteoblast and inhibits osteoclast activity.

  5. Hormonal Effects on Bone • Growth hormone (GH) is produced by the pituitary gland • GH stimulates protein synthesis and cell growth throughout the body. • Thyroxine is produced by the thyroid gland • Thyroxinestimulates cell metabolism and increases the rate of osteoblast activity. • In proper balance, these hormones maintain normal activity of the epiphyseal plate until roughly the time of puberty.

  6. Hormonal Effects on Bone • At puberty, the rising levels of sex hormones (estrogens in females and androgens in males) cause osteoblasts to produce bone faster than the epiphyseal cartilage can divide. • This causes the characteristic growth spurt as well as the ultimate closure of the epiphyseal plate.

  7. Hormone Related Bone Conditions • Gigantism • Childhood hypersecretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland causes excessive growth. • Acromegaly • Adulthood hypersecretion of GH causes overgrowth of bony areas still responsive to GH such as the bones of the face, feet, and hands. • Pituitarydwarfism • GH deficiency in children resulting in extremely short long bones and maximum stature of 4 feet.

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