1. USNA Satellite Lab/Ground Station Bob Bruninga, Ground Station Engineer • Astronautics Overview • Satellite and communications Labs • Satellite Student Design Projects • Ground Station Ops • Extracurricular May 2008 RAFT & MARScom

2. Astraonautics Track Overview • 8 Faculty in Astronautics (out of 16 total in Aerospace) • 3 Full time Civilian Astronautics Faculty (PhD) • 2 Full time Military (PhD) • .5 Half-time with NASA Faculty (PhD) • .5 Half-time Aero (structures) (PhD) • 2 Funded Chairs (PhD) • 1 Engineer (Labs and Satellite Projects) (MS EE) • Students • 15-30 Astro(30%) (out of 50-90 in Aerospace Major)

3. Astronautics Budget • Internal O&M,N $150K • Navy Network Warfare $150K (Space Chair, Tech, Support) • External (Gift or Endowment) • Heinline Chair $130K (endowed chair) • Roger’s Chair $140K (endowed chair) • Aerospace Corp $ 50K (ParkinsonSat) • Aero Gift Fund $ 5K (Various) • Total Budget about $625K

4. Satellite Labs • Missions, Orbits, STK Projects • Communications, Links, Antennas • Transmitters, Receivers, Losses • EPS, Electrical Power System • Signals and Telemetry • Thermal Lab • ADCS Indoor Outdoor Noise temperature

5. Antenna Lab Geo Arc and 9 operating positions C/Ku band TVRO VHF dipole UHF Satcom

6. Communications, Receivers, Losses UFO Gain, losses Amps and LNA’s Cable losses Geo-Arc Beamwidth Spectrum Analyzer Downconverters Demod, Decoding

7. Communications, Links, Gain Wavelength Antenna Size Types Gain, Beamwidth Link Budget SNR SWR Matching

8. Antenna Lab for Seniors (1st Class) RF LABsat model on rotor Dipole 1 Dipole 1 Rotator and S/A to plot pattern Antenna Phasing experiment

9. Antenna Link Budget and Gain • Uses small 2.4 GHz camera/transmitters • First observe dipole link (1000’) • Place dipole at dish focus and measure gain • Swing dish to see Beamwidth

10. Antenna Matching and Plots Using GPS signals to plot antenna pattern of GPS Using PI network to match spacecraft antenna for best SWR

11. Telemetry Lab Sensors Circuits Conditioning Engineering conversion Decoding Protocols

12. EPS Lab Begin using LABsats Solar Panels I-V curves Distribution Regulation Shadowing RTG demo EPS LABsat Design Lab

13. Thermal Lab Conduction Radiation Absorbtivity Emissivity Insulation

14. Attitude Control Labs (LABsats) Can demo all but gravity gradient Match-head thruster Magnetometer Sun Sensor Start Tracker

15. US Naval Academy LABsats Labsats mostly integrated into labs by 2004

16. Basic USNA’sat Ham Radio TNC Terminal Node Controller $180

17. Transmitter Tests Power out Efficiency Temperature Spectrum and EMI

18. Receiver Tests

19. Demodulation - FSK • All Seven Student LABsats on the air • Sharing a single TDMA channel • Using FSK for demodulation

20. Demodulation - PSK Indoor LABsat RX LABsat configured as HF to UHF linear transponder PSK-31 Waterfall Spectrum display on Student’s workstation

21. Command-Control-Telemetry Ground Stations Laptop Ground Stations for PCSAT’s, ANDE, RAFT, etc

22. Past Satellite Design Projects • Satellite and communications Labs • Satellite Design Projects • Past missions: PCSAT RAFT MIDSTAR

23. Satellite Design Projects • NATSweb – 1st Sea-Launch (1997 scrubbed in last week!) • PCsat – Launched Athena 30 Sept 2001 • Sapphire -- Launched Athena 30 Sept 2001 • PCSAT2 – STS-114 26 Jul 06 return to flight • ARISS – Launched on Progress Aug 2003 • ANDE – STS-116 21 Dec 06 • RAFT1 – STS-116 21 Dec 06 • MARScom – STS-116 21 Dec 06 • MIDSTAR - STP-1 9 Mar 07 • ParkinsonSAT – Commenced Fall 2006

24. USNA Constellation

25. Future Satellite Design Projects • Satellite and communications Labs • Satellite Design Projects PCSAT MIDSTAR MIDSTAR DRAGON Particle Detector Micro Dosimeter (MIDN) ParkinsonSAT

26. Future Psat Auxilliary Payload 39 cu.in 1W average power 5W peak power

27. Low-Cost Satellite Design Projects • NATSweb – $ 2k1st Sea-Launch (1997 scrubbed in last week!) • PCsat – $30kLaunched Athena 30 Sept 2001 • Sapphire - $3k?Launched Athena 30 Sept 2001 • PCSAT2 – $35kSTS-114 26 Jul 06 return to flight • ARISS – $ 2kLaunched on Progress Aug 2003 • ANDE – $35k LaunchedSTS-116 21 Dec 06 • RAFT1 – $15KLaunchedSTS-116 21 Dec 06 • MARScom – $15KLaunchedSTS-116 21 Dec 06 • MIDSTAR - $1.8MLaunched Atlas-V Mar 07 • ParkinsonSAT –$50kCommenced Fall 2006

28. Satellite Design Involvement PCsat 16 projects Goodhiew 97, Morgan 98, Lundberg, Scrabeck, Gomez, Melanson, Kollar, Mattera, Ortiz 99 - Burroughs 99, Schwenzer, Nolan, Lawrence, Boutros 2000, Sullivan, Gutweiler 2001, Machinest: Mike Spencer PCSAT2 8 projects Otero, Silver, Jones, Kolwicz, Evans, and Henry(03) Operations: Paquette and Robeson(05) ANDE 8 projects Aaron, Villalbi, and Weisenberg, Kelley, Keller, Harris(03), Patterson, & Ensign Sillman(02) RAFT1 16 projects Robeson, Paquette (06) - Orloff, Kinzbrunner, and Rose(05) - Baker, Tuttle, Colvin (04) Abbott, Atwater, Brandt, Hansen, McLean(03). And 3 in (02) Midstar/ICsat 56 students over 8 years MIDN/Dragon, etc 20 Students over 4 years ParkinsonSAT21 projects Papso, Edirisinghe, Icard, Meyer, Phillips(08), - Dendinger, Lewis, Lwin, Campbell, Sydney, Okun, Londono, Smythe, Lindsay, Mayer 07 -Koeppel, Lovick, Paquette, Piggrem, Robeson, Vandegriff (06) OPERATIONS:EA-204 Intro to Astro (100 students / year). EA-467 Labs (30/yr)

29. PCsat, launched 30 Sept 2001 Still semi-operational Team: 6 Students/yr, 2 Profs, 1 Engineer 2200 Amateur Satellite Users

30. Current Status Negative power budget due to fail-safe default RX/TX Full recovery after each full-sun period.

31. PCsat Comms Mission Data Relay (Situational Awareness) for Mobiles and Handheld radios. GPS tracking and LIVE to WEB Blue Force Tracking

32. Typical PCsat User Station (Blue Force Tracking)

33. Typical Pass Display

34. Internet Linked GroundStns www.ariss.net pcsat.aprs.org

35. Internet Linked GroundStns www.ariss.net pcsat.aprs.org

36. Internet Linked Data Displays www.ariss.net pcsat.aprs.org

37. PCsat “Student Operations”

38. Other Experiments through PCsat • Antarctic WX station • F-16 downed flyer demo (Rome Air Development Center) • Arctic Tracking (trucks up frozen rivers >70º Latitude) • ISS Joint Ops (2 weeks of constellation flying) • USNA Marconi Re-enactment (St Johns Newfoundland) • 2200 other users worldwide

39. Air & Space Museum Donated April 2004 to Smithsonian For Display At Dulles

40. PCSAT2, DOD synergy in the Amateur Satellite Service Bob Bruninga US Naval Academy Satellite Lab Amateur Satellite Service partnering with DOD and ARISS • Very short development time • Simplicity and off the shelf • Educational Project • Communications service to Users • Telemetry for Space Environment • Configuration controlled on the ground

41. NASA/Glen Solar Experiment 40 Solar Cell Samples Latest triple junction technology PCSAT-2 downloaded 3 Mbytes/day via network of Volunteer Ground Stations (We paid our rent)

42. MISSE5 – PCSat2 – 26 July Midshipmen involved in early integration and testing of PCSat2 electronics. Two views of the initial deployment of MISSE/PCSat by astronaut Soichi Noguchi. It was installed 8 days after the launch of STS-114 (26 July 05)

43. Satellite Transponders

44. PCSAT2 Location Returned August 2006 after a year’s exposure

45. Global Situational Awareness Network

46. Typical User Station Handheld Tiny! Mobile Encourage Schools and Students to get involved in Space

47. ANDE Satellite Joint Project with NRL Atmospheric Drag USNA Comms Telemetry - Temperature - Attitude - Laser Control Primary Lithium Batteries

48. ANDE, CAPE, ICU

49. ANDE Deployment 21 Dec 2006 Initially FCAL separated from the container, but not ANDE Radar returns later indicated ANDE separation

50. ANDE Satellite