Systems Level Design Review

1. Systems Level Design Review Multidisciplinary Senior Design 1 Friday, December 21st, 2012 P13051

2. P13051 – PIV Experiment for Flow Mapping in Lungs • Customers: • Dr. Risa Robinson • Dr. Steven Day • Team Guide: • Michael Antoniades – Chemical Engineering • Team: • Kristin Roberts – Project Manager, ME • Morgan DeLuca – ME • Brad Demarest – EE • Ryan Mark – ME • Jimmy Moore – CE • Jake Snider – ISE

3. Agenda • Project Background • Customer Needs • Engineering Specifications • Functional Analysis • Concept Generation & Selection • Lung Model • Pump • Pressure Measurement & Control • Feasibility Analysis • Risk Assessment • Project Planning & WBS

4. Project Background • The Army Medical Research Lab needs to validate their CFD models for healthy and diseased lungs • RIT will perform particle image velocimetry (PIV) on lung models to validate the CFD. • The senior design team will design and develop the lung models and testing apparatus.

5. What is PIV? • Used for flow visualization and velocity measurements • Fluid is seeded with tiny tracer particles • The particles are illuminated using a laser sheet, and a camera takes pictures of the particles. • Fluid velocity profiles can be obtained by analyzing particle movement from frame to frame.

6. Key Customer Needs • Create hollow lung model using specified geometry up to the 14th generation • Accommodate various image locations • Simulate inhalation and exhalation • Monitor flow rate and pressure • Control flow at outlets to mimic boundary conditions of CFD model • Accommodate imaging with no distortion • Create LabVIEW Program and procedure to run experiment • Can easily switch between models

7. Key Engineering Specifications • Image location can be located within ±5mm • Model Reynolds number must be within X% of lung Reynolds number • PIV fluid must match model material index of refraction within ±X. • Models can be switched in less than X hours. • Accuracy of pressure measurement is X. • Match boundary conditions within X%.

8. Functional Analysis

9. Lung Model Concepts – Silicone Block • Positives: • Robust • Easier to prevent distortion • Rapid prototype airspace using PVA • Negatives: • Will be difficult to rapid prototype smaller dimensions in PVA • Possible solution: Scale model up  match Reynolds number • Any bubbles in silicone could cause distortion • Possible solution: Use vacuum to reduce bubbles • Cost: • 5 gallon of silicone=$1,719.96 • 1 pound of PVA=$10-20

10. Lung Model Concepts – Rapid Prototype • Positives: • Can more easily model smaller details and intricacies. • Easier to access specific portions of model since it is not encased in a solid block. • Prototyping all generations should not be a problem • Negatives: • Fragile, especially at higher generation air passages; transporting model comes with the risk of damage. • Would need to construct a container/support system prevent distortion. • Cost: • High – Intricate design with small passageways increases cost to rapid prototype.

11. Lung Model Feasibility • Silicone Model: • Initial calculations: 18.6% Water, 81.4% Glycerol will match index of refraction for Sylgard-184 • Rapid Prototype Model: • AccuraClearvue • Colorless • Layer Thickness - Horizontal build layers down to 16 microns (0.0006 inches). • Build Resolution - X axis: 600 dpi. Y axis: 300 dpi. Z axis: 1600 dpi.  • Cost- $ 1,140

12. Pump Selection Image Credit: Wikipedia; Info Credit: pumpscout.com

13. Pump Feasibility • Viscosity • Glycerin/Water mixture that ranges from 82%-75% glycerin • Approximately 500 SSU – 320 SSU • Flow rate • Reynolds number matching – Used approximate fluid properties and average breathing flow rate • Approximately 20-30 gpm • Pressure • Analyzed pressure loss through model using poiseuille flow equation • Approximately 20.8 psi (maximum)

14. Flow Control • micro valve system (2 or 3 way) • - system will be placed on every outlet where monitoring is required • - valve will be fitted with measuring device in series with model flow • - micro-valves capable of diameters as • small as 1 mm • - cost $5 per unit

15. Pressure Measurement Pressure Transducer Pros - easy to implement into system - information readily available - data acquisition trivial Cons - not designed for extremely low pressures (accuracy drops dramatically below 5 psi) - very expensive (low pressure high res. $900)

16. Pressure Measurement Cont. Low Pressure Sensor Pros -very accurate to .01 psi -only $20-40 per unit -compact Cons -pressure range small (-5 to 5 psi) -cumbersome to implement (board required)

17. Digital Input to Labview • NI USB-6008 • Cost: $169 • Easily interfaces with Labview • High Sample Rate (10k S/s)

18. Labview Code • Not fully completed • Need all components before testing and construction can occur.

19. System Overview

20. Risk Assessment

21. Project Planning • Microsoft Project used to determine slack in tasks as well as critical pathby determining predecessors and estimated duration of tasks.

22. Roles and Responsibilities • Kristin Roberts – ME, Project Leader • Project Organization • Fluid Mechanics • Ryan Mark - ME • Pressure sensing and Control • Rapid Prototyping • Data Acquisition • Morgan DeLuca – ME • Pump Design • Fluid Mechanics

23. Roles and Responsibilities cont’d • Jimmy Moore - CE • Camera & Model Positioning • Controls Design • Brad Demarest - EE • Data Acquisition • Prototype Material Choice • Jake Snider - ISE • Project Planning • Labview Design

24. Questions?