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Heirs to Rome: Late Antiquity & Early Medieval Europe

Heirs to Rome: Late Antiquity & Early Medieval Europe. Today’s Topics. I. “Dark Ages” & “Barbarians” (5 th c.) II. Byzantine Empire (5 th -14 th c. III. Expansion of Islam (7 th c. - ) IV. Charlemagne & Carolingian Renaissance (9 th c.). Germanic Kingdoms. When? Ca. 370-530

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Heirs to Rome: Late Antiquity & Early Medieval Europe

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  1. Heirs to Rome: Late Antiquity & Early Medieval Europe

  2. Today’s Topics • I. “Dark Ages” & “Barbarians” (5th c.) • II. Byzantine Empire (5th-14th c. • III. Expansion of Islam (7th c. - ) • IV. Charlemagne & Carolingian Renaissance (9th c.)

  3. Germanic Kingdoms • When? • Ca. 370-530 • Who? • Huns, Vandals, Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Franks, A-Saxons • Where? • From East and North and South, all over Europe • Why? • Migration; outside pressure; farmland; collapse of Rome • So What?

  4. “Barbarian” Invasions

  5. Location of Germanic Tribes • P. 223 in your textbook

  6. Fighting “Barbarians” Ostrogoth

  7. More Fighting Barbarians

  8. Various views of “Barbarians” • Ammianus Marcellinus • “They have squat bodies, strong limbs, and thick necks, and are prodigiously ugly…They have no buildings to shelter them…They never change their clothing until it rots to pieces….” (p. 221) • Priscus • “Attila’s dwelling had highly polished timbers and elegant towers…Maidens came to meet him under fine white linens, and offered him dainties and other wine, which he graciously accepted from his horse.” (p. 221) • Tacitus • “In the election of kings they look to birth; for generals, valor; between wars they are in a sluggish repose, divided between sleep and the table….They have an ignorance of the art of building….The matrimonial bond is nevertheless strict and severe among them, and adultery is extremely rare, its punishment instant.”

  9. Significance of Germanic Tribes in Western Civ • Germanic + Roman + Christian = Europe • Intermarriage, assimilation, and transformation of Roman legacy • Slow conversion to Xity • Collapse & rebuilding of polit. states & econ. Trade & large latifundia • Germanic legal traditions • Local > imperial control

  10. II. Byzantine Empire • Begun in 6th c. by Emperor Justinian; lasts until 13th c. when conquered by Turks • Capital at Constantinople • Battles against expansionist Islam • Eastern Orthodox Christianity, w/ patriarch • Innovative Legal developments • Complex imperial administration (“byzantine”) • See Map, p. 250

  11. Emperor Justinian (527-565) • Digest and Law Codes and Institutes • Built Hagia Sophia • Married Theodora • Plague • Promoted Eastern Christianity (“Greek Orthodox”) Noble, pp. 224-228

  12. The Hagia Sophia (Constantinople) See p. 229 in our textbook

  13. Mosaics at Ravenna (Justinian, Theodora) • See pp. 227 and 237 in our textbook

  14. III. Expansion of Islam Arab Conquest to 733

  15. Expansion of Islam • Muhammad (570-632) • Prophet of new religion • Hijra (622) • pilgrimage from Mecca to Medina • Umayyad dynasty (661-750) • Abbasid dynasty (750-12th c.) • Sunni vs. Shi’a

  16. IV. Charlemagne (768-814) • King of Franks (in Gaul) • New ruling ideology • Ardent defender of Christanity • United FR, GER, NETH, N.Italy • Supra-regional empire • Carolingian miniscule • Court at Aix-la-Chapelle • See Noble, p. 257 ff.

  17. Charlemagne’s Empire See also the map in Noble, p. 259

  18. Einhard • See p. 260 in textbook, and on Internet History Sourcebook • Biographer of Charlemagne; consciously imitates Suetonius.

  19. Charlemagne & the Church

  20. Charlemagne & the Church

  21. German Fraktur vs. Carolingian Miniscule

  22. See Noble, p. 273

  23. Royal Palace at Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen) See p. 263 in textbook

  24. Charlemagne’s Palace at Aachen

  25. Charlemagne’s Palatine Chapel

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