1. Milling

2. What is milling? • Milling is the machining process of using rotary cutters to remove material • A milling cutteris spun about an axis while a workpiece is advanced through it in such a way that the blades of the cutter are able to shave chips of material with each pass • Milling is one of the most commonly used processes in industry and machine shops today for machining parts to precise sizes and shapes

3. Milling machine

4. History of milling • 1810s-1830s – first milling machines in use • 1860s – xyz coordinates in use • 1910s-1940s – accuracy of 0.0001 inches • 1950s – first automated milling machines • 1980s onward – Computers and CNC machine tools continue to develop rapidly

5. Revolution marks • As material passes through the cutting area of a milling machine, the blades of the cutter take bits of material at regular intervals • This means that no surface cut by a milling machine will ever be completely smooth • Thus revolution marks can be seen on milled surface

6. Milling Forces • Milling forces affect - amount of power required - vibration propensity - durability of cutter Axial force Tangential force Radial force

7. Tooling There is a high degree of standardization of the tooling used with CNC milling machines, and a lesser degree with manual milling machines. To ease up the organization of the tooling in CNC production, many companies use a tool management solution. For manual milling machines, there is less standardization, because a greater plurality of formerly competing standards exist.

8. CNC milling machines nearly always use SK (or ISO), CAT, BT or HSK tooling SK tooling is the most common in Europe. SK and HSK tooling, sometimes called "Hollow Shank Tooling", is much more common in Europe where it was invented than it is in the United States. The holding mechanism for HSK tooling is placed within the (hollow) body of the tool and, as spindle speed increases, it expands, gripping the tool more tightly with increasing spindle speed.

9. Tools: Grinding parts of these tools are made of high speed steel, which is very hard material. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wk2VYwCIcZE

10. Millingmachines There is two basic types of mills, vertical and horizontal. Generally these contains just two axis, when only the spindle or the table can be moved sideways or upright directions. Then there is more valuable models, which are made for very sharp working where mills can have even 5- or 6-axis. Then the spindle and the table can spin around their axis. Both of these basic types can have many subcategories.

11. VerticalMills In the vertical mills the spindle axis is vertically oriented. Where the work tool, spindle, is above of a table. Spindle or table can be raised and lowered. And it can also move sideways directions. These are classified two subcategories, the turret mills and the bed mills.

12. HorizontalMills Horizontal mill has same idea than vertical mills, but the spindle is mounted horizontal arbor across the table. And it has also same possibilities to move the table or the spindle sideways and upright directions.