Ancient Greece

1. Ancient Greece Ms. Orville

2. Do now: How is ancient Greece remembered?

3. * Greece is a small country in Europe. * Greece is near the Mediterranean Sea. * The main part of Greece in on a peninsula. * A peninsula is a body of land surrounded by water on three sides. * The rest of Greece is made up of islands. Geography of Greece

5. Map of greece

6. Geography of Ancient Greece • The geography of Greece encouraged the growth of independent communities that shared a common culture • Many islands & a peninsula • Archipelago- chain of islands • Mountains are a major landform • Only 1/5 of the land is good for growing crops • Impact of Geography on Greece • Isolation/seclusion • Greek communities thought of themselves as different countries • Each community developed its own customs and beliefs • Protection • Mountains • The Mediterranean Sea

7. Impact of Geography on Greece: mountains • Isolation/seclusion • Greek communities thought of themselves as different countries • Each community developed its own customs and beliefs • Protection • Mountains formed natural boundaries & protection

10. Greek City-States • Because Greece is made up of many islands, and has many tall mountains, the Greeks began to build city-states instead of one country. • A city-state is a city with its own laws, rulers, and money. • City-states were cities that acted like countries.

11. Greek Gods & Goddesses

12. Religious beliefs • Polytheistic: worshipped many gods • Told in myths [[Greek mythology]] • Gods and Goddesses • 12 great gods led by Zeus • Immortal-lived forever • One god was honored by each city-state • Athena- Athens

14. The Oracles • Sacred sites where gods spoke • Head of state often sought advice there

15. Zeus- king of the gods (married to Hera) Hera- the queen of gods and goddesses Hermes- god of travel Hades- god of the underworld Poseidon – god of the ocean Aphrodite- goddess of love Ares- god of war Apollo- god of music, sun, prophecies Demeter- god of agriculture Hephaestus- god of fire, metalworking

16. Origins of Greek civilization • Minoans on the island of Crete developed a sea trade network and a vibrant culture, then declined in the middle of the 1400s BCE • After the Myceneans came to power, focus moved to the mainland • Around 1400 BCE the Mycenaeans controlled the Aegean Sea and parts of the Mediterranean Sea • Mycenaeans wrote and spoke an early form of modern Greek • Mycenaeans conquered others • Trojan War- epic poems: The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer • City-states developed • Family farms developed into villages

17. Sparta • Sparta was a Greek city-state. • Sparta was very powerful and had its own army. • Sparta conquered other city-states to gain wealth and power. • There were three classes of people in Sparta. • Citizens, non-citizens, and slaves. • http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/sparta/story/sto_set.html

18. Sparta’s Classes • Only men born in Sparta were citizens. • Women were not allowed to become citizens, however, women were allowed to own land and businesses, which gave them more freedom than other Greek city-states. • The second class in Sparta was people who came from other city-states or other countries. They could own businesses but not become citizens. • The third class was slaves. • http://www.history.com/topics/spartans/videos#deconstructing-history-spartans

19. The Golden age ofAthens • Period of 479-431 BCE • Sources of Wealth • Trade • Silver • Tribute- payments made to Athens by its allies • Pericles • Powerful in Athenian politics • Supported democracy • Introduced reforms • Constructions of Parthenon and reconstruction of the Acropolis http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/athens/story/sto_set.html

20. Parthenon

21. Greek Architecture

22. Architecture Columns Frieze

23. Influence on America

24. Video: secrets of the Parthenon • http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=video%3a+secrets+of+the+parthenon&view=detail&mid=573A4492FB50B5D2E1B6573A4492FB50B5D2E1B6&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR&qpvt=video%3a+secrets+of+the+parthenon Greek life: • http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?N=18341+4294948812&browseFilter=d_Service:DE Streaming,#selItemsPerPage=60&intCurrentPage=0&No=0&N=4294948812%252B18342&Ne=18339&Ntt=&Ns=p_wtd%257C1&Nr=&browseFilter=d_Service%253ADE%2BStreaming%252C&indexVersion=&Ntk=All&Ntx=mode%252Bmatchallpartial

25. Visual and Dramatic Arts -flourished during the golden age Dramas Comedies • Athenians were first to write dramas • Greek tragedies were famous • A serious story that usually ends in disaster for the main character • Tragedies were preformed as part of the religious festivals • Made fun of well-known citizens and politicians • Because of the freedom in Athens, people accepted humor and jokes

26. Olympics • The first Olympics were in the year 776 BC. • They were first held in a valley at the base of Mt. Olympus. • The original games were held to honor the god Zeus. • The games turned into a way to see which polis had the greatest warriors.

27. Modern Olympics • Revived in 1896 and first hosted in Athens, Greece • No women allowed to take part • First women participants: 1900 French games • Medals replaced the laurel wreaths

28. Munich, 1972 • Olympic games in Munich, Germany • Terrorists took several Israeli athletes hostage • They were killed as they were being rescued

29. Government of Greece • Greece’s traditionally independent cities provided the foundations of government for government by the people • Democracy developed in Greece • Around 750 BCE villages joined together to form city-states with their own government and laws. • Most city-states were controlled by aristocrats • Middle classes eventually took over government • Around 594 BCE, Solon reformed the laws of Athens • Athens became the leading democracy of the ancient world • Only men with Athenian parents could be citizens in Athens

30. The Phoenician World

31. Greek Alphabet • The Greeks borrowed their alphabet from the Phoenicians. • -Most European languages, including English borrowed ideas from the Greek alphabet. • The Greek Alphabet

32. Side A: Teacher and student with writing tablet Photograph by Maria Daniels, courtesy of the Staatliche Museenzu Berlin, PreußischerKulturbesitz: Antikensammlung, February - March 1992 Side B: teacher and student with stylus

33. Science and Philosophy • Philosophers (believed that people could use powers of the mind and reason to understand natural events) • Introduced new ways to think about the world • Sophists cleverly debated topics in public • Socrates asked questions that made people think about what they believed, but was condemned to death • Plato distrusted democracy- founded a school- wrote The Republic his view of ideal society • Aristotle believed reason should guide the pursuit of knowledge

34. Socrates • Socrates was a philosopher of Ancient Greece. • A philosopher is someone who tries to explain the nature of life. • Socrates taught by asking questions. This method of questioning is still called the Socratic method.

35. Plato • Plato was a student of Socrates. • He started a school called The Academy. • Plato’s writing took the form of a dialogue between teacher and student.

36. Aristotle • Aristotle was another Greek philosopher and student of Plato. • He wrote about science, art, law, poetry, and government.