Exploring Greek Philosophy: Key Thinkers and Historical Contributions
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Join us in today's lesson as we delve into the profound world of Greek philosophy and history. We'll explore the contributions of key philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, who laid down the foundations of Western thought. Learn about the Sophists and their teachings, as well as the significance of the Pythagorean theorem and the Socratic method. We’ll also discuss the pioneering work of historians like Herodotus and Thucydides, who transformed historical narrative through rigorous inquiry and fact-checking. Prepare to engage with the ideas that shaped civilization!
Exploring Greek Philosophy: Key Thinkers and Historical Contributions
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Presentation Transcript
Bellringer January 5, 2012 Grab your clicker Take out Chapter 5 Notes Guide Take out something to write with Put the remainder of your materials in your desk
Chapter 5, Section 2Greek Philosophy and History Coach Corley January 25, 2011
Objective Today, we will be learning about Greek philosophers and historians.
Greek Philosophers *Philosophy – the “love of wisdom” Philosophy led to history, political science, science, & math. Philosophers believed that human mind could understand everything.
Greek Philosophers *Pythagoras taught that the universe followed the same laws of music and numbers. *Pythagorean theorem is attributed to him. It is a way to determine the length of the sides of a triangle. a2 + b2 = c2
Greek Philosophers *Sophists were professional teachers in ancient Greece. They traveled, taught to win arguments, & political speeches.
Greek Philosophers Sophists did not believe gods influenced people. *They rejected the idea of absolute right & wrong. *They said one’s right may be another’s wrong.
Greek Philosophers *Socrates was an Athenian sculptor whose true love was philosophy. He disagreed with the Sophists. He did not write anything.
Greek Philosophers • Socrates believed: • Absolute truth existed • Every person has real knowledge • *Socratic Method • *To ask pointed questions to force reason and thinking.
Greek Philosophers • But…… • What about to authority? • After Peloponnesian War, Socrates was teaching rebellion!?! • Found guilty….would not leave….drank the poison…
Greek Philosophers • Plato • *Socrates’ student • *Wrote Republic, which explains his ideas about government. • *People could NOT live good lives w/o just & reasonable gov • He divided ppl into 3 groups
Greek Philosophers • Plato • *Philosopher-kings – ruled using logic & wisdom • Warriors - defended the state from attack. • Everyone else – driven by desire, not wisdom. Produced food, clothing, & shelter • *Men & women should have the same education & equal chance to have the same jobs.
Greek Historians • *Plato established a school in Athens, the Academy. • Aristotle: • *Plato’s best student • *Wrote over 200 books on government to the planet and stars
Greek Philosophers *Aristotle opened his school, the Lyceum. *Students were taught the “Golden Mean,” a person should do nothing in excess. Aristotle also grouped things according to their similarities and differences.
Greek Philosophers • Politics: • *3 Types of Gov. • *Gov’t by one person, monarch or tyrant • *Gov’t by a few, oligarchy • *Gov’t by many, democracy • *Best was a mix of an oligarchy & democracy
Greek Historians The first REAL histories in Western civilizations Herodotus in 435 BC wrote the history of the Persian Wars. He ask questions, recorded answers, & checked truth.
Greek Historians *Herodotus is considered the “father of history.” *Thucydides is considered by many to be the greatest historian of the ancient world. He fought in the Peloponnesian War, he was exiled.
Greek Historians He then wrote History of the Peloponnesian War. He saw war & politics as the activities of humans, not gods. *He stressed having accurate facts.
