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Chapter 7

Chapter 7. Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). Transfer of Energy Utilizing ATP. How Efficient is this Process?. From the food we ingest, we only capture about 50% of the energy in the bonds in the form of ATP.

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Chapter 7

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  1. Chapter 7 Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions

  2. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

  3. Transfer of Energy Utilizing ATP

  4. How Efficient is this Process? • From the food we ingest, we only capture about 50% of the energy in the bonds in the form of ATP. • When we utilize the ATP to “fuel” other anabolic processes, we only utilize about 50% of the ATP’s energy. Where does the “LOST ENERGY” go?

  5. Overview of energy metabolism.

  6. Carbs Lipids Protein (amino acids) TCA Cycle Energy Production

  7. Lets Start with Carbs: Glycolysis (anaerobic) Release of Small Amount of Energy

  8. A Simplified Eukaryote Cell Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nuclear Membrane Chromosomes Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum (ribosomes)

  9. Pyruvate-to-Acetyl CoA (aerobic) Cofactor Irreversible Step

  10. The Breakdown of Acetyl CoA To Energy (aerobic) TCA Cycle Electron Transport Chain

  11. SUMMARY: Glucose-to-energy pathway

  12. Fatty Acid Oxidation

  13. Fats-to-energy pathway

  14. Transamination: Making Nonessential Amino Acid

  15. Deamination to give Keto Acids

  16. Amino Acids-to-energy pathway

  17. What happens to the NH3? Urea synthesis

  18. Urea excretion Amino Acids bloodstream Liver bloodstream Kidney

  19. Electron Transport Chain

  20. Why does Fat Produce more Energy than Glucose? Mol. Weight = 256.42 Acetyl CoA produced = 8 ATP’s produced = 129 ATP’s per gram = 0.50 Mol. Weight = 180.16 Acetyl CoA produced = 2 ATP’s produced = 38 ATP’s per gram = 0.21

  21. During Feasting - High Dietary Intake

  22. During Fasting - Low Dietary Intact

  23. If Fasting Continues - Still Low Dietary Intact

  24. Ketosis: Ketone Body formation

  25. Alcohol metabolism

  26. Alternate route for Acetyl CoA Fat NADH blocks entry

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