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Understanding the Persian Empire: Key Vocabulary and Major Battles

This lesson focuses on defining critical vocabulary related to the Persian Empire, including terms like Empire, Monotheism, Allies, Rebellion, and Cavalry. Students will engage in identifying and describing the significant battles of the Persian War (539–330 BCE), analyzing their impacts and casualty figures. The lesson highlights King Cyrus II's expansion, policies towards conquered peoples, and the role of democracy and revolts in shaping history. Students will compare historical narratives through readings of Herodotus and reflect on cultural biases in historiography.

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Understanding the Persian Empire: Key Vocabulary and Major Battles

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  1. Directions: Take a NOTES sheet on the back table. Define each vocabulary word on your NOTES Bell Work Empire Monotheism 4) Allies Rebellion 5) Calvary

  2. I will identify and describe the major battles of the Persian War • I will analyze the impact of the Persian War Objectives

  3. Persian Empire 539 – 330 BCE

  4. Largest Empire in the world during 5thce BCE • King Cyrus II (Cyrus the Great) expanded Persia (Egypt, Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Syria, parts of Europe and India) • ‘King of Kings’ = ruled over 20 provinces • Adaptation and reconciliation towards conquered people (Hebrews and No Slavery) • Standardized weights, laws, taxes, coinage, mail system • Monotheism = Zarathustra • Good vs. Bad Persian Empire

  5. 539 BCE Cyrus II conquered Asia Minor (Greek Ionians) • Higher taxes and Persian rulers instated • In 499 BCE Aristagoras (leader of Miletus in Ionia) led a revolt against Persia (King Darius) • Installed a democracy • Athens became ally of Ionians • Sent soldiers and a small ship fleet • Left after initial success • Persia overcame revolts in 493 BCE Ionian Revolt 499 – 493 BCE

  6. Casualties: 6400 Persians 192 Greeks Persian War: The Battle of Marathon – 490 BCE

  7. Casualties: ~20,000 Persians ~ 2,000 Greeks Persian War: Battle of Thermopylea – 480 BCE

  8. Casualties: 200-300 Persian ships 40 Greek ships Persian War: Battle of Salamis 480 BCE

  9. Casualties: ~60,000 Persians ~10,000 Greeks Persian War: Battle of Plataea 479 BCE

  10. Herodotus (484 – 420 BCE) • Born a Greek in Asia Minor under Persian rule • Credited with the first history narrative • Persian War The First Historian

  11. Read the excerpts from Herodotus and watch the Persian and the Greek Crash Course in World History (on my website) • Based off of the readings and video, write a paragraph describing how Green’s conception of history differs from the Herodtus’s history. What does this say about historical or cultural bias? Homework

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