Announcements

1. Announcements • Find your TA and sit in that section of the room (unless you prefer to sit in the front center). • Take out a piece of paper for the quiz. • Put your name, lab section #, and TA’s name at the top. • Have another sheet of paper out for notes and an exercise today. • Number that paper 1-16.

2. Informative Speaking: Where do you start? Topics, purposes and speech structures

3. Informative Unit: Building Confidence through experience • Introductory Speeches [All done!] • Paired Perspectives Speeches • topic forms are already done or can be turned in during Lab next Friday. • present in Labs Sept. 10 and 12 • Informative Speeches • workbook pp. 16-20 • Topic forms due on WebCT by Sept. 7 • Preparation Outlines due by September 24.

4. Where do you begin? At the end! Identify your goal using Specific Purpose Statements and Central Ideas

5. Specific Purpose: GoalCentral Idea: Content Specific Purpose To inform my audience of the ways handwriting analysts determine personality traits by examining a person's writing. Central Idea Handwriting analysts try to determine personality traits by examining the consistency, angularity, and size of a person's writing.

6. Main Points • Handwriting analysts try to determine personality traits by examining the consistency of a person's handwriting. • Handwriting analysts try to determine personality traits by examining the angularity of a person's handwriting. • Handwriting analysts try to determine personality traits by examining the size of a person's handwriting.

7. Your TopicSpecific Purposes and Central Ideas • Follow advice on the assignment descriptions • Esp. for the Informative speech see p. 18-19 in the workbook. • Options A, B and C • Ask yourself: • Does it fit the assignment/situation? • Does it pass ethical guidelines? • Does the topic and goal make my job easier? • Does it have substance? (Can I find sources?) • Can I speak about it with comfort? • Do I care about it? • Can I see a way to engage my audience?

8. “Speak clearly, if you speak at all.”Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.Using Arrangement to Build Clarity and Confidence

9. Main Point Guidelines: • 2-5 main points • keep them separate • use parallel wording • balance your attention to each main point • reflect main points in the Central Idea • use strategic ordering

10. Quiz Question 3 • Following the guidelines for stating main points (including proper use of symbols), list the main points for the following central idea: • “The laser is a highly versatile instrument with important uses in medicine, industry, and art.”

11. Memory and Structure An experiment

12. Process Memory Experiment

13. Identify the organizational method used in the following set of main points. I. Cesar Chavez is best known for his efforts to protect the rights of Hispanic farm workers in California. • Cesar Chavez was also a tireless advocate for Hispanic racial and cultural pride in general. Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of the major accomplishments of Cesar Chavez.

14. Topical Order • The most common organizing strategy. • Perfect structure for speeches about types of things or speeches that list aspects of a topic. • So this is probably what you want for Paired Perspectives! • To use it well, the points must have a clear link or theme. • This structure offers only limited strategic benefit.

15. Identify the organizational method used in the following set of main points. • The game we know as golf originated in Scotland during the 15th century. • Most of golf's rules and traditions developed during the 19th century. • Professional golf tours  for men and women emerged during the 20th century. • Today golf is at a peak of popularity among every day players and as a spectator sport. Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of the historical development of the sport of golf.

16. Chronological Order • Main points are arranged according to a time sequence. • Process speeches are usually chronological. • Speeches about events and about people can use chronological order. • There is a strong psychological benefit to this structure.

17. Identify the organizational method used in the following set of main points. • Caused by the bite of infected mosquitos, West Nile Virus is spreading throughout the United States. • The effects of West Nile Virus include flu-like symptoms, convulsions, swelling of the brain, and sometimes, death. Central Idea: West Nile Virus is spread by infected mosquitos and results in serious illness.

18. Causal Pattern:Only 2 main points • Certainly has psychological benefits since causal reasoning is a way that we process information in the world. • Can run cause to effect (like the West Nile example) • Can run effect to cause: I. Studies have shown increasing levels of bacteria inside Iowa’s grocery stores. II. The bottle bill is responsible for this health hazard.

19. Causal • Causal patterns lend themselves to persuasive speeches of fact. • Causal patterns can be used for informative speeches • especially for medical topics • i.e. causes and effects of diabetes

20. Identify the organizational method used in the following set of main points. • The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is about as thick as a sheet of paper. • The middle layer of the skin, the dermis, is 15 to 40 times thicker than the epidermis. • The innermost layer of the skin, the subcutaneous tissue, is by far the thickest layer. Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the characteristics of the layers of the skin. Central Idea: The outer, middle and innermost layers of the skin each have distinct characteristics.

21. Spatial Pattern • Follows a directional pattern: outside to inside; east to west, top to bottom etc. • Great for informative speeches about places or for historical topics. • There is some psychological benefit to this pattern, especially with visual learners.

22. Identify the organizational method used in the following set of main points. • Childhood obesity has reached crisis proportions in the United States. • Solving the problem will require changes in attitudes, eating habits, and exercise. Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that the U.S. must take steps to solve the problems of childhood obesity. Central Idea: Childhood obesity is a serious problem in the U.S. that must be addressed through changes in attitudes and the adoption of healthy habits.

23. Problem-Solution: Only 2 main points • Used most often in persuasive contexts. • It has a strong psychological benefit. • You first prove that something is broken. • And then you fix it. • Can be used for informative speeches, especially on medical topics. I. Alzheimer’s is a serious illness that affects its victims’ minds as well as their bodies. II. New treatments for Alzheimer’s are improving the lives of its victims

24. Is it worth it to work at structure? • Good organization is linked to audience comprehension of your message. • Good organization is linked to retention of your message. • Good organization is linked to the audience’s ability to use your information. • Good organization improves your credibility and persuasiveness.

25. End Have a wonderful and safe Labor Day Weekend!