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Understanding Quasi-Experimental Methods and Single-Subject Designs in Research

This overview explores quasi-experimental research methods and single-subject designs, which are valuable when random assignment is not feasible due to ethical or practical concerns. Quasi-experimental designs lack control over group assignments, allowing for post hoc research to assess causal relationships. The nonequivalent control group design and static group comparison methods are highlighted, including their internal and external validity challenges. Additionally, single-subject designs focus on individual behaviors and interventions, using methods like AB and ABA designs to analyze cause and effect relationships effectively.

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Understanding Quasi-Experimental Methods and Single-Subject Designs in Research

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  1. CHAPTER OVERVIEW • The Nonequivalent Control Group Design • The Static Group Comparison • Single-Subject Design • Evaluating Single-Subject Designs

  2. THE QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL METHOD • No control over group assignment • Useful when manipulation of variables is ethically, morally, or practically difficult

  3. THE QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL METHOD • Quasi-experimental research is post hoc research • Internal validity is intermediate between pre-experimental and true experimental designs

  4. THE NONEQUIVALENT CONTROL GROUP DESIGN • Commonly used when random assignment is not possible • Similar to pretest post-test control group design • Selection bias is a threat to validity

  5. THE STATIC GROUP COMPARISON • No pretest • Disadvantages • Questionable internal validity • Questionable external validity

  6. SINGLE SUBJECT DESIGN • Looks at cause and effect relationships in single individuals rather than in groups • Common in behavioral analysis and special education • Based on behavioral view of development

  7. AB designs (simple single subject) measure baseline and impose treatment • ABA designs (reversal) remove treatment • ABAB (alternating treatment designs) re-impose treatment

  8. EVALUATING SINGLE SUBJECT DESIGNS • Most have good internal validity • External validity may be questionable

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