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Chapter 7

Chapter 7. 汉英谓语对比. Comparing Western and Chinese Philosophies:. Western: Binary opposition between the subject and object.（ 物我两分） The subject and its narration form a complete topic. (Theme + Rheme) Chinese: The combination of nature and man.

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Chapter 7

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  1. Chapter 7 汉英谓语对比

  2. Comparing Western and Chinese Philosophies: • Western: • Binary opposition between the subject and object.（物我两分） • The subject and its narration form a complete topic. (Theme + Rheme) • Chinese: • The combination of nature and man. • The subject and object exist in harmony as a unified whole.（天人合一）

  3. Result: • Western: strict syntax built on S+V structure • Chinese: not necessarily an “S” or strict “V”

  4. V in English (V-centred syntax) • 1) English syntax evolves from the variation of the “V” • eg. 主谓一致，主谓搭配，时态，语态，语气，形式

  5. 2) Seven basic structures of English • ① SV – The train had arrived (quietly) (at the station) (before we noticed it). • ② SVC – She is a student (of GDUFS) (at the moment). • ③ SVO – They ate the food (quickly) (that evening). • ④ SVOO – He offered her some wine (politely) (before the dinner). • ⑤ SVOC – They elected him chairman (unanimously) (at the meeting) (last week). • ⑥ SVOA – She put the plates on the table. • ⑦ SVA – Mary is in her office (now).

  6. 3) V可以划分出四个单位： • 定式动词（谓词），补语，宾语，状语 • 核心 = 定式动词（predicate）

  7. V in Chinese (V-flexible syntax) • 1）没有定式动词 • ①名词性谓语 • 桂林好地方。 • 小张广州人。 • 一斤苹果三元钱。

  8. ②形容词性谓语 • 孩子们高兴得跳了起来。 • 中俄两国人民友谊比山高，比海深。 • 你父母身体状况怎么样？ • 刘先生见多识广。

  9. ③主谓短语作谓语 • 我们班一半是广东人。 • 小王个子高，小陈身体壮。 • 这件事校长不知道。

  10. 2）有定式动词，但非常灵活，且无形态（时、数）变化2）有定式动词，但非常灵活，且无形态（时、数）变化 • ①单动 • 我听过这个故事。 • 人是最高级的动物。 • ②双项连动 • 他站起来走了。 • 我们有信心完成任务。

  11. ③三项连动 • 我下了班骑自行车去菜场。 • ④四项连动 • 我下了班骑自行车去菜场买菜。 • ⑤多项连动 • 我下了班骑自行车去菜场买菜回家做饭。 • ⑥兼语式 • 很多人求他帮忙。 • 你告诉小王通知院长明天开会。

  12. ⑦混合式 • 你扶着王老先生上车。 • ⑧交错式 • 你回去请工程师明天来厂里检修设备。 • 我叫小林把设备检修一下。 • 小林被请到车间去检修设备。

  13. 英语连动式的表达 • 1.动词非限定形式 • eg. She stayed home to help me. • We stood watching the match. • The job done, they went home. • 2.某些介词 • eg. upon, despite, for fear of, considering, according to … • 3.某些副词 • eg. explain away, stand akimbo

  14. 汉语连动式的表达 • 1.双项连动 • 我们去剧院看演出。 • 2.多项连动 • 大家在饭桌上边吃边喝边讨论。 • 3.扩展式（公因话题流水句） • 小王走进屋里，向四下看了一周，便一屁股坐下来，张口喘气。

  15. 英语兼语式的表达 • 1.综合型 • 1) 使役意义的单纯词 • 2) 加缀法 • 2.分析型 • V+O+C

  16. 汉语兼语式的表达 • 1.使役意义的谓语动词 • eg. 使、让、嘱咐、命令、请(求)、(劝)告 • 2. 情感意义的谓语动词 • eg. 喜欢、讨厌、感谢、嫌 • 3. 感官动作的谓语动词 • eg. 看见、听见、闻到

  17. Examples Analysis • 少数民族地区的经济社会获得不断的发展。 • The minority concentrated regions have witnessed continued economic and social development. • The economy and society of the ethnic minority areas have been developing continuously. • Continuous economic and social development has been achieved/attained in the minority ethnic areas.

  18. Examples Analysis • 中国的潜在市场同国外的先进技术和资金优势结合起来，就能形成众多的发展机遇。 • China’s potential market, once combined with foreign advanced technology and capital, will produce many opportunities for development. • The combination of China’s potential market with foreign advanced technology and capital will create/produce/generate many opportunities for development.

  19. Examples Analysis • 当然人口来讲，大家都知道我们是13亿。 • We all know that China’s population is 1.3 billion. • We know that China has 1.3 billion people. • We know that China is a country with 1.3 billion people.

  20. Examples Analysis • 我们坚持在和平共处五项原则的基础上，建立发展友好合作关系。 • We will establish and develop friendly relations and cooperation with the rest of the world on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. • We will stick to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, and we will establish and develop friendly relations and cooperation with the rest of the world on the basis of this.

  21. Examples Analysis • 美国的大企业现在真的开始动起来了，这是中美经济贸易中的一个可喜的现象。 • Large US companies have now really begunto do something. This is a satisfactory development in Sino-US economy and trade. • It is an encouraging development in Sino-US economy and trade that large US enterprises are now on the go.

  22. Examples Analysis • 他们利用持久战术把敌人引到内陆加以歼灭。 • They used a prolonged war to draw the enemy into the hinterland and wiped them out. • They drew the enemy into the hinterland and wiped them out with a prolonged war. • They wiped out the enemy after drawing them into the hinterland with a prolonged war.

  23. Examples Analysis • 我早就想亲眼看一看你们美丽的国家。 • I longed to see your beautiful country with my own eyes.

  24. Examples Analysis • 我愿借此机会邀请商业部长阁下在方便的时候访问中国。 • I would like to take this opportunity to invite His Excellency Minister of Commerce to visit China at a time convenient to him.

  25. Examples Analysis • 我们要加快技术改造的步伐，引进先进设备，增加产品品种，提高产品质量。 • We need to make great efforts in speeding up the technical renovation and introducing advanced equipments for more variety and better quality.

  26. Examples Analysis • 沿海开放城市的任务是认真抓好现有企业技术改造，更新工艺技术，提高经营管理水平，致力于传统产品的更新换代和新产品的开发。 • The tasks of the coastal open cities are to conscientiously carry out transformation and upgrading of technologies, improve the management and to make efforts in improvement of the traditional products and the development of new products.

  27. Examples Analysis • In military interference with political arrangements in Iraq, the United States is not able to do as it wishes. • 在对伊拉克政治的干涉方面，美国表现得十分力不从心。

  28. Examples Analysis • China is a country with vast territory, a big population and a long history. • 中国疆域辽阔、人口众多、历史悠久。

  29. Examples Analysis • I want to thank the students for giving me the chance to meet with you, the chance to talk a little bit about my country and answer some of your questions. • 我要感谢在座的各位同学给我这个机会跟大家见面谈一谈我自己的国家，并且回答大家的一些问题。

  30. Examples Analysis • Upon finishing his dinner, President Nixon got up to leave the table. A Canadian reporter dashed over, grabbed the chopsticks the President had just used, and put them into his pocket as a souvenir. • 尼克松总统用餐完毕，起身离席的时候，一名加拿大记者箭步跑去，一把抓住美国总统刚使用过的那双筷子揣入怀中留作纪念。

  31. Examples Analysis • I call for cooperation in the economic and technical sectors among the countries the world over. • 我呼吁世界各国在经济、技术方面进行合作。

  32. Examples Analysis • Britain is highly responsive to the concerns, particularly the economic concerns, of the developing countries. • 英国非常关注发展中国家所关切的问题，特别是经济问题。

  33. Examples Analysis • The United States want to use military force against so-called terrorist countries. • 美国要用军事力量来对付那些所谓的恐怖主义国家。

  34. Examples Analysis • You and your country waged a long struggle for social justice. • 您和贵国进行了长期斗争争取社会正义。

  35. Examples Analysis • I extend to you most warmly an invitation to visit our country which will afford us an opportunity for further discussion on the world situation and also to review bilateral relations. Above all it will give us an opportunity to return in some small ways the truly warm welcome and generous hospitality extended to us. • 我最热情地邀请你们到我国进行回访，以使我们有机会进一步讨论世界形势、回顾双边关系发展，尤其重要的是，使我们有机会得以回报你们的热烈欢迎和盛情款待。

  36. Examples Analysis • Welcome to our factory. I am in charge of factory tours. I’ll be your guide for the afternoon. Any question you have, anything I can do for you, please do not hesitate to ask. • 欢迎大家参观我们工厂，我是工厂里负责参观的，今天下午陪同大家进行参观。如果大家有什么问题，或需要我做什么，请不要客气向我提出来。

  37. Examples Analysis • This is a happy and memorable occasion for me personally and the members of my delegation. In accepting Your Excellency’s gracious invitation to visit this great country, it has provided me an excellent opportunity to establish new contacts and renew old friendships. Above all, it affords us an opportunity to strengthen further the ties and all-round cooperation that has always existed between our two countries. • 对于我和我们代表团的所有成员来说，这都一次愉快、难忘的访问。在阁下的盛情邀请下，我们访问了你们伟大的国家，这使我们可以结交新朋，重叙旧情。更为重要的是，访问使我们可以进一步加强贵我两国长久以来保持的紧密联系和全面合作。

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