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Chapter 6: Taking Control of Your Weight. An Invitation to Health Brief, 5th Edition Hales. Prepared by: Jeanne Freeman, PhD, CHES. The Global Epidemic. More than half of the people on this planet are overweight Obesity is emerging as number one public health problem of 21 st century
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Chapter 6: Taking Control of Your Weight An Invitation to Health Brief, 5th Edition Hales Prepared by: Jeanne Freeman, PhD, CHES
The Global Epidemic • More than half of the people on this planet are overweight • Obesity is emerging as number one public health problem of 21st century • Governments need to also act to reverse the obesity epidemic
The Global Epidemic • Obesity varies by ethnic group, gender, and age • Weight problems are starting earlier than ever Insert Figure 6-1 here
The Global Epidemic Insert Figure 6-2 here
Supersized nation Variety of factors have played a role in the increase in overweight and obesity • More calories and bigger portions • Fast food • Physical inactivity and passive entertainment • Modernization • Prenatal factors and child development • Emotional influences
Body Image Insert Figure 6-3 here Based on study of 630 college females. Both white and African-American men considered BMI of 20 desirable for women.
Understanding Weight Problems • College students • Obesity rates have increased most rapidly for those 18 to 29 years of age • Easy to gain weight on campuses • Vending machines • Fast-food counters • Cafeterias serving hearty meals
Best indicators ofweight-related health risks • Body mass index (BMI) • Waist circumference (WC) • Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)
Health Dangers of Obesity • Serious and potentially fatal disease • Rising rates of disability among younger Americans • Effects are equivalent to 20 years of aging • Diseases associated with obesity • Cardiovascular disease • Diabetes • Cancer • Sleep apnea • Rheumatoid arthritis
Health Dangers of Excess Weight Insert Figure 6-4 here
Health Dangers of Excess Weight • Impact on body • > Overweight; > disease incidence • Race and ethnic variance • Immune function • Major diseases linked to obesity • Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, cancer • Life expectancy • Emotional toll
Methods to Gain Weight • Eat more of a variety of foods • Eat more frequently • Choose calorie-rich foods • Drink juice • Add a commercial liquid meal • Exercise regularly
A Practical Guide to Weight Loss • Readiness • Overeating • Hunger – physiological • Satiety • Appetite –psychological • Easily led into temptation • Creamy, buttery, or greasy foods • Leptin and ghrelin
A Practical Guide to Weight Loss Insert Figure 6-6 here
A Practical Guide to Weight Loss • Low-carbohydrate diets • Low-fat diets • May enhance immune response • Low-calorie diets • Recommended levels for each gender • Very low-calorie diets • Serious health risks • Lose muscle mass • Diet, PA, and behavioral therapy produces greater reductions
A Practical Guide to Weight Loss Insert Figure 6-7 here
Physical activity & Weight Loss • Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) • Usually does not lead to significant weight loss • Assures you lose fat rather than muscle when combined with a healthy diet • Benefits of exercise • Should include aerobic activity and resistance training
The Psychology of Losing Weight • Changing your food-related thoughts and behaviors • Greater self-efficacy/Internal locus of control • Social support • Common characteristics for success • Personal responsibility for change • Exercise • Monitoring • Vigilance • Breakfast
Treating Severe Obesity • Severe or “morbid” obesity is increasing faster than obesity itself • BMIs over 40 • Drug therapy • Obesity surgery
Unhealthy Eating Behavior • Distress over body image increases risk for all forms of disordered eating • Extreme dieting • Compulsive overeating • Binge eating • Anorexia Nervosa • Bulimia Nervosa
Eating Disorders Insert Figure 6-8 here