Geography Chapter 12 S.1

1. Geography Chapter 12 S.1 Turkey has a unique location between the continents of Asia and Europe. It includes three important waterways – the Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles – these are called the Turkish Straits. The Anatolia plateau is rimmed by the Pontic Mountains in the north and the Taurus Mountains along the south. Most people are farmers, but Turkey’s most important industry includes oil, and making of textiles/clothing. Turkey’s history and location also make it a popular tourist attraction.

2. Famous city located on both continents

3. Turkish is the official language and almost all the people are Muslim or follow Islam Istanbul, Turkey

4. Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey located on both the Asian and European continents as well. It was once the center of the Greek culture and a Greek port named Byzantium. Later it became Constantinople renamed by the Roman emperor Constantine and the center of the Byzantine Empire. Also important to Christianity with the church built called the HagiaSopia. The Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople in AD 1400’s and made it the capital city of a powerful Muslim empire. After World War I, the country changed again and its first president bringing about many modern changes.

5. Hagia Sophia View inside the Hagia Sophia

6. Syria is south of Turkey Euphrates River runs through Syria and provides water for irrigation and hydroelectric power for cities/industries Oil is Syria’s major export. Euphrates River runs through it! (Syria

7. Most people are Arab Muslims. Half the people in Syria live in rural areas and few are nomadic desert people called Bedouins.

8. Damascus is the capital of Syria and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world – founded as a trading center over 4,000 years ago. View of Ancient Damascus Gate Damascus Today

9. Lebanon is located west – southwest of Syria. It’s capital is Beirut. Lebanon’s civil war between the Arab Muslims and Christians almost destroyed it’s people and economy. Both Arabic and French are official languages.

10. Jordan has a constitutional monarchy Second wife of Hussein I – Princess Muna Mother to King Abdullah --She was a British until she converted to Islam to marry King Hussein I. King Hussein I and last wife Queen Noor King Abdullah II and his family

11. Interesting facts about Queen Noor– last wife of Hussein I: Queen Noor was born Lisa NajeebHalaby in Washington, D.C. She is the daughter of NajeebHalaby and Doris Carlquist (Swedish descent). Her father was an aviator, airline executive, and government official. He served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense in the Truman administration, before being appointed by John F. Kennedy to head the Federal Aviation Administration. NajeebHalaby had a successful private-sector career, serving as CEO of Pan American World Airways from 1969 to 1972. The Halabys had two children following Lisa; a son, Christian, and a younger daughter, Alexa. They divorced in 1977. Noor's paternal grandfather, Najeeb Elias Halaby, a Syrian immigrant, was a petroleumbroker, according to 1920 Census records.[2] Merchant Stanley Marcus, however, recalled that in the mid-1920s, Halaby opened Halaby Galleries, a rug boutique and interior-decorating shop, at Neiman-Marcus in Dallas, Texas, and ran it with his Texas-born wife, Laura Wilkins (1889–1987, later Mrs. Urban B. Koen). NajeebHalaby died shortly afterward, and his estate was unable to continue the new enterprise.[3]