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Amino Acid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism. بيوشيمي عمومي گروه علوم دامي دانشکده کشاورزي دانشگاه ياسوج دکتر مختار خواجوی. Role of Amino Acids. Protein monomeric units Energy source Precursors of other biological molecules. In Mammals. Plants and bacteria can produce all of them. Amino acids are precursors.

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Amino Acid Metabolism

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  1. Amino Acid Metabolism بيوشيمي عمومي گروه علوم دامي دانشکده کشاورزي دانشگاه ياسوج دکتر مختار خواجوی

  2. Role of Amino Acids • Protein monomeric units • Energy source • Precursors of other biological molecules

  3. In Mammals Plants and bacteria can produce all of them

  4. Amino acids are precursors

  5. Amino acids are precursors

  6. Source of each atom in the purine ring

  7. Sources of the atoms of the pyrimidine ring:

  8. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids The nitrogen cycle

  9. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids Nitrogen Fixation -> Microorganism

  10. Ammonium Ion Is Assimilated into Amino Acids Through Glutamate and Glutamine Major Ammonium ion carrier

  11. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

  12. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids in Bacteria and Plants Essential ones are in bold letters

  13. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids in Bacteria and Plants

  14. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids: Transaminations Amino Acid1 + a-Keto Acid2 Amino Acid2 + a-Keto Acid1 + Glutamate Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)- Dependent Aminotransferase + a-Ketoglutarate

  15. Glucogenic Pyruvate – a-Ketoglutarate Succinyl-CoA Fumarate Oxaloacetate Ketogenic Acetyl-CoA Acetoacetate Products of Amino Acid Breakdown

  16. Animals cannot carryout net synthesis of precursors of gluconeogenesis from acetyl-CoA or acetoacetate

  17. Amino Acid Metabolism

  18. Fate of the C-Skeleton of Amino Acids

  19. Fate of the C-Skeleton of Amino Acids

  20. Fate of the C-Skeleton of Amino Acids Aromatic amino acids need oxygenases + O2

  21. Fate of Nitrogen in Different Organism

  22. Classification of Organisms(Nitrogen Excretion Patterns) • Ammonotelic: ammonia excreting • Ureotelic: urea excreting • Uricotelic: uric acid excreting

  23. Overall Urea Cycle(Liver)

  24. Carbamyl Phosphate Synthetase (CPS) • CPSI (Mitochondria) • Uses NH3 • Urea Cycle • CPSII (Cytosol) • Uses Glutamine • Pyrimidine Biosynthesis

  25. Carbamyl Phosphate Synthetase (CPS) Mechanism

  26. Activation of HCO3– by ATP

  27. Displacement of Phosphate by NH3

  28. Phosphorylation of Carbamate by ATP

  29. Ornithine Transcarbamylase (OTC)(Mitochondrion)

  30. Citrulline Carrier (Ornithine Antiport)

  31. Argininosuccinate Synthetase(Cytosol)

  32. Mechanism

  33. Ammonium Ion is Converted into Urea Urea cycle

  34. The Urea Cycle is Linked to the Citric Acid Cycle NH4+

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