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The Battle of Antietam

The Battle of Antietam. 9/8/05 Methods: Social Studies. Introduction. Prelude September 17, 1862 Aftermath. Prelude. The Seven Days’ Battles Lee, upon assuming command, had driven the Army of the Potomac all the way back to Washington

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The Battle of Antietam

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  1. The Battle of Antietam 9/8/05 Methods: Social Studies

  2. Introduction • Prelude • September 17, 1862 • Aftermath

  3. Prelude • The Seven Days’ Battles • Lee, upon assuming command, had driven the Army of the Potomac all the way back to Washington • In addition, Confederates forces under “Stonewall” Jackson defeated a large Union detachment near Cedar Mountain, then moved north • At right is a picture of General Jackson

  4. Prelude • Battle of 2nd Manassas (Bull Run) • Lee routed Federal forces under John Pope • Victory at Manassas put Southern Independence incredibly close to realization • Great Britain in particular was very close to recognizing the Confederacy as a sovereign nation

  5. Prelude • Even as Lee decided to move north into Maryland, at nearly the same time Braxton Bragg was likewise moving north into Kentucky • In early September, Lee slipped into Maryland and the campaign was on

  6. Prelude • After 2nd Manassas, Lee moved north into Maryland, hoping to draw the Union into one decisive battle • Lee moved behind a range of mountains to hide his movements • McClellan, following Lee moved as cautiously as ever in pursuit

  7. An Unexpected Turn • Even as Confederate forces continued their invasion of Maryland, on September 13 a stroke of blind luck befell George McClellan • An Indiana corporal had found wrapped around some cigars a copy of Confederate orders which detailed the exact movements of Lee’s entire army • Quickly realizing what McClellan had, Lee ordered his army to concentrate at the town of Sharpsburg, on Antietam Creek

  8. September 17, 1862

  9. Aftermath • Tactically, the battle was a Confederate victory, because they still held control of the battlefield • Strategically, it was a Union victory because Lee had only narrowly avoided defeat and now had no choice but to withdraw back to Virginia • The South would never come so close to gaining foreign recognition again

  10. Conclusion • The Battle of Antietam remains the single bloodiest day of battle in American history, with the Union suffering 2,100 dead and 9,500 wounded while the Confederates lost 1,500 dead and 7,750 wounded • Both sides also lost several hundred missing that were probably killed in action and never identified • Also, following the battle, Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation

  11. Bibliography • Information was garnered from two main sources: • Rebels & Yankees: The Battlefields of the Civil War by William C. Davis • Picture History of the Civil War by Bruce Catton • Photos and maps were found at www.americancivilwar.com

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